长非编码RNA表征及其在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用和临床意义  

Characteristics of Long Non-coding RNA and Its Relationship to Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis and Clinical Implications

作　　者：李轶[1,2] LI Yi(Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China;Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Centre of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学生物化学与分子生物学教研室,重庆400016 [2]重庆医科大学分子医学与肿瘤研究中心,重庆400016

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2021年第5期556-563,共8页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81602159);重庆市科学技术委员会基础科学与前沿技术研究基金(No.cstc2016jcyjA0054)资助。

摘　　要：长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs)是一类转录本长度大于200个核苷酸,不具有蛋白质编码功能的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA, ncRNA)。人类基因组中,ncRNA基因占比超过90%,数量远大于蛋白质编码基因。作为生物大分子,lncRNA具有特定的初级和高级结构,在基因表达调控等生物学进程中发挥着特有的功能。lncRNA数量多,结构各异,因此鉴定和表征新的lncRNA,探索其结构和功能,是当前基因研究领域的热点之一。在临床疾病机制研究中,大量结果表明,lncRNA与临床疾病发生发展,特别是肿瘤的发生发展具有密切的相关性。伴随着后基因组学时代基因鉴定和功能探索方法的不断进步,探索lncRNA在疾病发生中的功能及表达变化,深入解锁lncRNA在疾病发生中涉及的分子机制,将为疾病早期预防、诊断和预后提供有效参考。基于以上的研究大背景,本文对lncRNA的定义、基因鉴定的策略和方法,高级结构检测及其对应的生物学功能,以及lncRNA的分类进行了阐述;另一方面,基于lncRNA与肿瘤发生发展的密切关系,本文以经典抑癌基因p53为切入点,对多种p53相关的lncRNA在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)发生发展中的作用进行了归纳小结,阐述了lncRNA在结直肠癌中的表达变化、涉及的分子互作机制和信号通路,对其作为分子标志物在临床中的应用潜力进行了评估。我们乐观地认为,作为生物分子标志物,lncRNA将为包括癌症在内的疾病治疗提供全新、精准和个性化的分子靶点。Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, without protein-coding functions. More than 90% of the transcripts from the genome are ncRNA transcripts. LncRNAs have been determined to play unique roles in various biological processes with their specific structures and functions, and have emerged as a hot spot in gene-characteristics, function-identification, and biological process regulation. Previous work has confirmed that lncRNAs are involved in pathogenesis of clinical diseases, especially in tumorigenesis. In the post-genomics era, prevention, diagnosis and prognosis in certain diseases could be processed by detection on lncRNA expression alteration, phenotype changes and molecular mechanisms that are involved. Here, we defined lncRNAs, listed the strategies and methods of genetic identification, enumerated methods in spatial structure inspection and functional identification, and showed the classification of lncRNAs. Moreover, lncRNA participated in tumorigenesis. We took the most classic tumor suppressor p53 as an example, as p53-related lncRNAs are involved in colorectal cancer(CRC). We summarize the expression alterations, interaction molecules and signaling pathways of these lncRNAs Finally, the clinical application value of these lncRNAs are estimated. Collectively, lncRNAs may function as biomarkers, and will provide series of brand new, accurate and unique targets for diverse diseases including CRC.

关 键 词：长非编码RNA 结直肠癌 生物标志物 

分 类 号：R735.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]