贮藏年限对裸燕麦种带真菌和真菌毒素的影响  

Effects of storage time on fungal and mycotoxin contamination of naked oat seeds

作　　者：聂秀美 慕平[2] 赵桂琴[1] 何海鹏 吴文斌 蔺豆豆 苏伟娟 张丽睿 Xiu-mei NIE;Ping MU;Gui-qin ZHAO;Hai-peng HE;Wen-bin WU;Dou-dou LIN;Wei-juan SU;Li-rui ZHANG(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第6期106-120,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：行业专项子课题(03025);国家燕麦荞麦产业体系(CARS-07-C)资助

摘　　要：为明确贮藏年限对裸燕麦种带真菌和真菌毒素的影响,对同一产地收获后贮藏于相同环境下1、2、3和5年的3个裸燕麦品种分别进行了带菌情况和毒素含量检测。结果表明:随贮藏年限的延长,裸燕麦种子带菌量总体表现为降低趋势,孢子负荷量的变化范围为0.60~8.40 cfu;带菌率介于2.75%~28.50%。不同品种的带菌情况差异很大,同一品种的带菌种类和分离率随贮藏年限的变化也明显不同。从3个裸燕麦品种中共检出真菌17属33种,优势属为曲霉菌属、青霉菌属和链格孢菌属,优势种因贮藏时间和品种不同而异。裸燕麦种子的毒素含量随贮藏年限的延长则呈先升后降的趋势,3种真菌毒素中检出量最高的是细交链孢酮酸,为16.88~348.67μg·kg^(-1);桔青霉素的含量最低,变化范围为0.01~1.04μg·kg^(-1)。综上,贮藏年限对裸燕麦种子的带菌情况和真菌毒素检出量影响显著。The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage time on fungal and mycotoxin contamination of naked oat seeds.Three naked oat varieties were stored in the same environment,and were tested at 1,2,3,and 5 years of storage to determine which fungi and mycotoxins were present.The results showed that the amount of fungi generally decreased as the storage period extended.The amount of spores ranged from 0.60 to 8.40 cfu per grain and the fungal infection rate ranged from 2.75%to 28.50%.The species of fungi and isolation rates of the same species varied significantly with storage time,and also differed among the oat varieties.A total of 33 species of fungi in 17 genera were detected from oat seeds.The dominant genera were Aspergillus,Penicillium,and Alternaria,and the dominant species varied with storage time and among the naked oat varieties.The mycotoxin content first increased and then decreased as the storage period extended.Among the three mycotoxins detected,tenuazonic acid showed the highest concentrations(range,16.88-348.67μg·kg^(-1))and citrinin showed the lowest concentrations(0.01-1.04μg·kg^(-1)).In conclusion,the duration of storage significantly affected the amount of fungi and mycotoxins in naked oats.

关 键 词：裸燕麦 贮藏年限 种带真菌 真菌毒素 

分 类 号：S816.17[农业科学—饲料科学]