基于主观性视角的日语动词及物性研究--以「夜を明かす」句为例  

A Study of Transitivity in Terms of the Subjective Perspective:Taking"yoru wo akasu"as An Example

作　　者：刘剑 Liu Jian(Dongbei University of Finance&Economy)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学国际商务外语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2021年第2期29-36,共8页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：天野(1987)提出了"状态变化主体的及物动词",对学界公认的及物性理论发起挑战。从这一视角考察可见,日语的及物动词可分为两类,一类符合公认的及物性理论,另一类与该理论相悖。本文提出,既往研究忽视了"相悖者"中的一个子类,即「夜を明かす」(把天熬亮)句。通过这个子类,本文重新审视了日语的及物性问题,并主张(1)日语是一种主观性很强的语言。(2)由于主观性强,日语动词的及物性与公认及物性理论不同,决定日语及物性的关键要素不是"施事「働きかけ」",而是说话人的主观态度。(3)说话人选择的句法主语通常是一个与前后语篇一致的表人名词,并围绕这个主语去组织、调整句子的格结构,从而选择日语动词的及物与否。Japanese transitive verbs can be divided into two categories,one conforming to classical transitivity theory,while the other contradicts it.The study represented by Amano(1987)regards the latter as an"exception".This paper proposes that previous studies have neglected a subcategory of"exceptions",the type named"yoru wo akasu".Through the analysis of this subcategory,this article re-examines the problem of Japanese transitivity,and argues that(1)Japanese should be considered as a subjective language;(2)Due to subjectivity,Japanese transitivity is different from classical theory.The key in determining Japanese transitivity is not the"agent-theme relationship"but the speaker’s subjective attitude.(3)The speaker always subjectively chooses a certain noun to be the subject,and organizes and adjusts the sentence structure according to it,and thus,chooses the transitivity of Japanese verbs.

关 键 词：主观性 及物性 施事 夜を明かす 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]