陈仅《竹林答问》的诗学理论(二):诗体、诗法与诗境  

The Style,Rules Realm of Poetry by Chen Jin in Question-Answer in the Bamboo Grove(2)

作　　者：崔德全 任竞泽[1] CUI Dequan;REN Jingze(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《安康学院学报》2021年第3期28-34,共7页Journal of Ankang University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中日韩诗话的文体史料与文体观念”(19FZWB042);陕西省教育厅项目“《竹林答问》中的诗论思想研究”(16JK1001);陕西省社会科学基金项目“汉魏晋易代背景下的关中家族及文学研究”(2018J23)。

摘　　要：《竹林答问》包含着丰富的诗歌辨体和创作理论。在诗歌辨体理论上,陈仅提出:辨体是诗歌创作的前提和基础;在诗体起源上,后世诗体皆源出《毛诗》;在诗体尊卑上,“五古为最先,七古次之,五绝次之,五律次之,七绝又次之,七律最后”;另外,陈仅还考察了以古入律和以文为诗等诗歌变体现象。在诗歌创作上:首先,陈仅非常重视“惨淡经营”在诗歌创作中的重要作用;其次,陈仅主张作诗须出于自然,最终又回归自然;最后,陈仅认为,自然境界的获得,需要诗人丰富的“胸次学问”作根基。Answer Questions in the Bamboo Grove contains rich theories of classical poetic formal distinctions and poetry creation.On the theory of classical poetic formal distinctions,Chen Jin put forward that:Formal distinction is the premise and foundation of poetry creation;On the origin of poem forms,all poem forms of later ages root in The Book of Song;On the superiority and inferiority of the poem forms,Five-character-ancient-verse is the first,the second is Seven-character-ancient-verse,and then the four-line poem with five characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme,and then the eight-line poem with five characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme,and then the four-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme,and the last is the eight-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme.Moreover,Chen Jin investigated the phenomenon of poetic variation,such as taking ancient poetry into rhyme and taking prose as poetry.On poetry creation:First of all,Chen Jin attached great importance to the racking brains in the process of poetry creation;Secondly,Chen Jin proposed that poetry must start from nature and finally return to nature.Finally,the acquisition of the natural realm needs the poet’s rich knowledge as the foundation.

关 键 词：诗歌辨体 惨淡经营 自然 胸次学问 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]