减施化肥和配施有机肥对酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Chemical Fertilizer Applied with Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Vitis Vinifera Merlot

作　　者：马忠明[1] 陈娟 牛小霞 罗双龙 Ma Zhongming;Chen Juan;Niu Xiaoxia;Luo Shuanglong(Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China;Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第2期188-193,200,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“果树水肥一体化技术模式研究与应用”(2017YFD0201508)。

摘　　要：[目的]针对河西灌区土壤肥力贫瘠,酿酒葡萄产量与品质低下及无机氮肥过量施用造成的环境问题,通过探究有机氮替代部分无机氮肥对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响,以确定酿酒葡萄适宜的有机无机氮肥配施用量。[方法]于2018年在甘肃省张掖市临泽县进行田间试验,采用随机区组设计,设6个处理:单施化肥(C),单施有机肥(O),70%化肥+有机肥(0.7 CO),50%化肥+有机肥(0.5 CO),30%化肥+有机肥(0.3 CO),不施肥(CK),探究不同有机无机肥配施对酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄(Merlot)生长、产量及品质的影响。[结果]有机肥替代部分化肥可使酿酒葡萄的产量与品质不同程度的改善,其中0.5 CO效果最优;在相同的有机肥施用量下,化肥减施50%有助于平衡酿酒葡萄营养生长与生殖生长;与CK与C处理相比,0.5 CO处理下,葡萄产量分别提高了120.76%和32.59%(p<0.05),果实可溶性固形物分别提高了46.72%和25.21%(p<0.05),还原糖含量分别提高了39.36%和37.46%(p<0.05),单宁含量分别提高了23.05%和39.06%(p<0.05),总酚含量分别提高了72.07%和54.77%(p<0.05),花色苷含量分别提高了44.42%和48.48%(p<0.05),糖酸比分别提高了50.42%和40.78%(p<0.05),总酸含量降低了33.96%和16.98%(p<0.05)。[结论]化肥减半配施有机肥(0.5 CO)既有效抑制酿酒葡萄的营养生长,又提高了葡萄产量和果实品质,在试验区的推荐施肥量为9000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥配施化肥(N 150 kg/hm^(2),P 2O 5135 kg/hm^(2)及K 2O 180 kg/hm^(2))。[Objectives]In order to solve the environmental problems caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer in Hexi irrigation region,the effects of organic nitrogen replacing part of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of wine grape were explored to determine the appropriate amount of organic-inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for wine grape.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted at Linze County,Zhangye City,Gansu Province in 2018.Six treatments were set up:no fertilization input as control(CK),100%chemical fertilizer(C),100%organic fertilizer(O),30%,50%and 70%of the chemical fertilizer supplied by organic fertilizer,recorded as 0.7 CO,0.5 CO and 0.3 CO.The effects of different ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of Merlot were studied.[Results]The yield and quality of wine grape could be improved by replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer,and the effect of 0.5 CO was the best.Under the same amount of organic fertilizer,0.5 CO treatment could balance vegetation growth and reproductive growth.Compared with CK and C treatment,0.5 CO treatment increased the grape yield,fruit soluble solid content,sugar content,tannin content,total phenol content,anthocyanin content and the ratio of sugar to acid by 120.76%and 32.59%,46.72%and 25.21%,39.36%and 37.46%,23.05%and 39.06%,72.07%and 54.77%,44.42%and 48.48%,50.42%and 40.78%(p<0.05),respectively,and the total acid content was decreased by 33.96%and 16.98%(p<0.05),respectively.[Conclusion]Under the premise of reducing chemical fertilizer,half of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(0.5 CO)can not only effectively inhibite the vegetative growth of wine grape,but also improve the yield and fruit quality of wine grape.It is recommended that organic fertilizer(9000 kg/hm^(2))combined with N of 150 kg/hm^(2),P2O5135 kg/hm^(2) and K2O kg/hm^(2) should be adopted for wine grape cultivation in the study area.

关 键 词：化肥 有机肥 酿酒葡萄 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]