同质和异质纳米尺度材料互连的界面冶金及结合机理研究进展  

Review on Interfacial Metallurgy and Joining Mechanism of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nanoscale Material Interconnection

作　　者：张宏强 林路禅 邢松龄 白海林[2] 彭鹏[1] 康慧[1] 郭伟[1] 刘磊[2] Zhang Hongqiang;Lin Luchan;Xing Songling;Bai Hailin;Peng Peng;Kang hui;Guo Wei;Liu Lei(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Tribology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [2]清华大学机械工程系,摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第8期20-36,共17页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1104900);国家自然科学基金(52005022)。

摘　　要：纳米科技的快速发展对组装纳米结构单元并实现具有复杂功能系统的技术提出高的要求,而纳米材料的互连是这项技术的基础,也是纳米级产品集成的基础。本文综述了纳米连接领域的最新进展,特别是各种同质和异质纳米材料之间的互连机理。首先,介绍了纳米材料的互连概念,重点论述了在同质纳米材料烧结互连、冷焊互连、辐照互连以及液相环境中的纳米互连的行为过程和连接机理,涉及零维和一维纳米材料;其次,对金属-金属和金属-非金属两种异质纳米材料的互连机理及应用进行论述;最后,针对当前同质和异质纳米材料互连研究现状,指出纳米材料互连研究面临的挑战并分析其发展前景。Significance Nanomaterials have been researched and developed in the fields of solar cells,biological detection,sensors,and information storage.However,the interconnection between nanomaterials and external units is limited to simple mechanical contact,and many nanoscale features,such as excellent electrical,optical,and magnetic properties,are not exhibited.The rapid development of nanotechnology has high demands on the joining technology of nanomaterial units to realize complex functional systems.The interconnection of nanomaterials is the basis of nanoscale product integration and will immensely enrich its functionality.Progress According to the size of the joining materials,if the size is at least in the range 1--100 nm,it is called nanojoining.The essence of nanojoining technology is material interconnection,and conventional joining methods via the force/heat strategy are still applicable in nanojoining.Compared with traditional macro-joining,nanomaterials are melted or interdiffused to obtain effective joints.By using the nanosize effect,the sintering temperature of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)will be much lower than the melting point of the bulk metal,they will be interconnected by sintering at a low temperature,and the metallurgical interface will be formed by diffusion.Surface diffusion is the main sintering mechanism of NPs,while the grain boundary diffusion is the sintering mechanism of large particles.The metallurgical connection between the metal materials is realized via cold welding without external direct energy input.In situ transmission electron microscopy shows that the joining is almost perfect(Fig.7).Compared with the traditional joints,the cold-welding joint has the same crystal orientation,strength,and conductivity.For nanowires,the size that can be cold-welded is about 10 nm,whereas that of nanofilms is limited to 2--3 nm.Laser irradiation is one of the most common joining methods in nanomaterials.This method can avoid the high requirement for mechanical manipulation in cold welding.Surface

关 键 词：激光技术 纳米材料 互连 界面冶金 结合机理 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]