基于X-rayμCT技术的玉米籽粒结构特征的粒位效应分析  

Effects of various grain positions of ear on the internal structural parameters of maize grain using X-rayμCT

作　　者：银学波 明博[1] 侯俊峰 王克如[1] 李少昆[1] 谢瑞芝[1] Yin Xuebo;Ming Bo;Hou Junfeng;Wang Keru;Li Shaokun;Xie Ruizhi(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Maize and Featured Dryland Crops,Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Dongyang 322100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]浙江省农业科学院/玉米与特色旱粮研究所,东阳322100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第7期8-14,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300405);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-25);国家自然科学基金(31971849);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：玉米籽粒因其在果穗上着生位置不同存在较大差异,明确籽粒结构特征的粒位效应为玉米的消费、加工和播种质量等玉米产量和品质性状的评价提供参考。该研究以3个不同籽粒类型的玉米品种登海618(DH618)、KX3564和先玉335(XY335)为材料,利用X射线计算机断层(X-ray micro-computed tomography,X-rayμCT)技术扫描测试样本,通过图像滤波、阈值分割等图像分析方法重建籽粒3维结构,获取玉米果穗不同粒位籽粒的胚、胚乳、皮下空腔、胚空腔、硬质胚乳、粉质胚乳、胚乳空腔等结构参数。数据分析表明,籽粒不同结构指标在果穗上呈现不同的变化规律,从基部到顶部(不考虑果穗两端的极端籽粒),胚、胚乳及硬质胚乳体积线性下降,各指标在果穗上的变化范围分别为15.82~33.36、180.15~296.50及87.13~166.00 mm^(3);胚乳空腔>皮下空腔>胚空腔,果穗中部籽粒的空腔较小且稳定,3个品种表现一致;胚与胚乳的比值在粒位间基本稳定,粉质胚乳体积、硬质胚乳与粉质胚乳的比值从基部至顶部逐渐减小,但不同指标的变化斜率存在差异。3个供试品种的籽粒结构参数不同:DH618果穗不同部位籽粒胚与胚乳的比值大于KX3564和XY335,XY335籽粒硬质胚乳与粉质胚乳的比值大于DH618和KX3564。在籽粒空腔方面,KX3564皮下空腔的比例较高,而XY335胚乳空腔的比例较高。3个品种胚、胚乳、皮下空腔体积在玉米籽粒中的比例平均分别为9.27%、89.87%、0.86%。X-rayμCT扫描技术为玉米籽粒性状的研究提供新的方法与思路,明确果穗籽粒结构的粒位效应有利于全面地掌握玉米果穗上籽粒的性状特征,为玉米的生产、加工及品种改良等提供借鉴。Grain structure is an important characteristic of maize varieties,particularly in representing the grain filling and texture in some cases.But the effect of kernel positions on grain structures in maize still remained unclear.Clarifying the kernel position effects of grain structure is beneficial to comprehensively grasp the grain characteristics of maize ears,and provides a reference for the production,processing and variety improvement of maize.In this study,three grain types of maize cultivars were taken to clarify the kernel position effects,including Denghai 618(DH618),KX3564,and Xianyu 335(XY335),from Qitai,Xinjiang of Western China in 2018.Samples were selected at regular kernel intervals,where each ear was in an average of 12 grains.A total of 104 samples were scanned from the three varieties.The grain three-dimensional structures were reconstructed by imaging processing,such as segmentation,thresholding,and reconstruction,where more than 9002D images were obtained in the different sections(X-Y,X-Z,and Y-Z)of grains using an X-ray micro-computed tomography(X-rayμCT).In addition to visualization,the grain structural parameters were also extracted,including the embryo,endosperm,subcutaneous cavity,embryo cavity,hard endosperm,soft endosperm,and endosperm cavity.The internal structure of grain was more accurately determined,especially on the cavity structure of grain,compared with the traditional manual and machine vision.The results showed that the effect of kernel position grain structure indicators on ear was different.Specifically,the volume of embryo,endosperm,and hard endosperm showed a linear downward trend from the base to the top of the ear,without considering the extreme grains at both sides of the ear.The range of each indicator on ear was 15.82-33.36,180.15-296.50 and 87.13-166.00 mm^(3),respectively.The cavity volume of subcutaneous,embryo,and endosperm remained stable in the middle of the ear,significantly lower than those in the upper and lower parts,in the sequence endosperm cavity>subcutane

关 键 词：作物 玉米 粒位效应 籽粒结构 X-rayμCT 

分 类 号：S513.210.70[农业科学—作物学]