干旱半干旱煤矿区联合接菌对土壤改良动态生态效应  

Effects of combined inoculation microbes on soil dynamic improvement in coal mining subsidence areas

作　　者：毕银丽 江彬[2] 秦芳玲[3] 王茁优[1] Bi Yinli;Jiang Bin;Qin Fangling;Wang Zhuoyou(Institute of Mine Ecological Environment Restoration of West China,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Institute of Mine Ecological Environment Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technologies in Oil and Gas Field,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学西部矿山生态环境修复研究院,西安710054 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)矿山生态修复研究院,北京100083 [3]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西省油气田环境污染与储层保护重点实验室,西安710065

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第7期85-93,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然基金科学项目(51974326)。

摘　　要：针对干旱半干旱地区煤炭开采造成的生态破坏问题,利用微生物-植物-土壤的综合作用效应,可加快矿区受损生态的修复进程。为评价不同接种微生物在矿区生态修复过程中的动态作用效果,以神东矿区大柳塔采煤塌陷区的紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)为研究对象,通过原位监测,研究接种不同菌根真菌、解磷细菌或同时接种不同微生物处理对不同复垦年限下紫穗槐植株生长(株高和冠幅)、菌根效应(菌根侵染率和菌丝密度)、土壤养分及性质和复垦4 a不同生长季叶片养分和抗逆性的影响规律,以确定接种不同微生物菌剂对紫穗槐生长的影响和对土壤的改良效果。结果表明,与不接种相比,接种摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices)及解磷细菌(Bacillus megaterium)均能显著增加紫穗槐的株高和冠幅(P<0.05),提高其生长旺盛期叶片的氮、磷和钾浓度,提高叶片氮钾的再吸收,降低叶片相对含水率,提高7-9月份叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖的积累,显著降低土壤pH值(P<0.05),提高土壤易提取球囊霉素、总提取球囊霉素、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等指标的含量。不同接种处理对紫穗槐生长、菌根侵染率、叶片抗逆性、土壤氮磷钾养分、易提取球囊霉素和总提取球囊霉素含量的影响随着复垦时间的延长具有显著的协同作用。摩西管柄囊霉与解磷细菌同时接种在复垦4 a后仍能促进紫穗槐菌根效应的发挥,促进植物生长,提高植物的养分和抗逆性,改良土壤,在干旱半干旱煤矿区生态修复进程中具有积极作用。Deterioration of soil structure has posed a great threat to the farmland and vegetation in ecological and environmental development in large subsided lands,due mainly to excessive coal mining for rapid economic growth in China in recent years.This study aims to accurately and comprehensively evaluate the effects of microorganisms-plants-soil interactions on the soil restoration of damaged ecology caused by coal mining in arid and semi-arid areas.In-situ monitoring was performed on an Amorpha fruticosa L.inoculated by different microorganisms in the coal-mining subsidence area of Daliuta in Shandong Province of eastern China.A systematic evaluation was made on the dynamic ecological effects of inoculated microorganisms(such as mycorrhizal fungi,phosphate solubilizing bacteria or simultaneous inoculation of microorganisms)treatments on the plant growth(plant height and crown width),mycorrhizal effect(mycorrhizal infection rate and hypha density),soil nutrients and properties,the leaf nutrients,and plant resistance under different growth seasons after four years of reclamation in the mining area.A dynamic ecological mechanism of microorganisms was also elucidated in the process of vegetation reclamation in arid and semi-arid coal mine areas.Compared with no inoculation,the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae,Rhizophagus intraradices,and Bacillus megaterium significantly increased the plant height and crown width of A.fruticosa,as well as the concentration of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of A.fruticosa leaves.The reabsorption of leaves and stress resistance of A.fruticosa were also improved remarkably,due possibly to the reduction of relative electrical conductivity and the increase in the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar in the leaves.The soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly reduced,with an obvious increase in the content of easy-to-extract Glomus(EE-GRSP),total-extract Glomus(T-GRSP),organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of the rhiz

关 键 词：土壤 养分 采煤塌陷 接菌菌剂 紫穗槐 AMF 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]