苯嗪草酮疏果剂对苹果边果营养与激素含量的影响  

Effects of fruit thinning agent“metamitron”on nutrition and hormone content of apple lateral fruits

作　　者：薛晓敏[1] 韩雪平[1] 聂佩显[1] 董放[1] 王金政[1] Xue Xiaomin;Han Xueping;Nie Peixian;Dong Fang;Wang Jinzheng(Shandong Pomology Institute,Tai’an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,泰安271000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第7期206-211,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为明确苯嗪草酮疏果剂对苹果边果的疏除作用,以9年生天红2号/SH38/八棱海棠为试材,在最大边果直径6 mm左右时喷300 mg/kg苯嗪草酮2次,清水为对照,生理落果后调查坐果率及坐果比例;喷药后7、9、11、17、29 d采集处理和对照边果,测定氮磷钾矿质营养,淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和山梨醇碳水化合物,可溶性蛋白质含量以及玉米素(Z)、赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)激素含量。结果显示,苯嗪草酮处理后,花序坐果率和花朵坐果率较对照降低17.95%和27.63%,坐单果比例显著提高,坐三果及三果以上的比例显著降低(P<0.01);处理总体上提高了边果无机营养含量,显著降低了可溶性蛋白质含量(P<0.05);淀粉含量较对照提高了5.57%~37.20%,但不同程度地降低了蔗糖、葡糖糖、果糖及山梨醇含量,从而使可溶性碳水化合物含量较对照降低了9.55%~52.60%;处理后脱落酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),(Z+GA3+IAA)/ABA比值显著降低。说明苯嗪草酮在苹果上具有较好的疏除边果作用,其疏除作用与可溶性蛋白质含量降低,可溶性碳水化合物供应不足,以及ABA含量升高及生长型激素/抑制型激素比值降低有关。The work aimed to clarify the effects of metamitron as the fruit thinning agent on the apple fruit setting rate as well as the mineral nutrition,carbohydrates,and hormones of lateral fruitlets,thus providing a reference for applying chemical thinning technology of apples.Thirty 9-year-old apple trees(Tianhong 2/SH38/Malus micromalus)were used as test materials,and 300 mg/kg metamitron solution was sprayed 2 times when the diameter of the biggest lateral fruits were around 6 mm.Spraying water was used as the control.The setting rate of inflorescence and flower were investigated after physiological fruit drop.The mineral nutrition,carbohydrate,soluble protein,and hormone content of lateral fruits were measured after spraying 7,9,11,17,and 29 d.The total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium were determined by semi-micro distillation,Mo-Sb-Vc colorimetry,and flame photometer,respectively.Glucose,fructose,sorbitol,sucrose,and hormone contents were determined by HPLC,while the soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue staining.The results showed that the fruit setting rate of inflorescence and flowers decreased by 17.95 and 27.63%compared with the control,respectively.The proportion of inflorescence with single fruit increased by 5.28 times in the treatment,while that of sitting three fruits and more decreased significantly,which was 47.91%of the control.The results of fruit setting rate and fruit setting ratio showed that metamitron could significantly reduce the fruit setting rate,and the single fruit rate was high,with the setting fruits distributed evenly.The total nitrogen content was higher than that of the control at all stages,and the difference between the control and the treatment was significant except 7 and 9 d.The total phosphorus and potassium contents of almost all treatments were significantly higher than those of the control.The total phosphorus contents of 11 and 29 d after spraying was 2.05 and 1.67 times of the control,and the total potassium content was 1.93 and 1.51 times of

关 键 词：激素 营养 苯嗪草酮 坐果率 苹果 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]