旅游影响下的传统饮食仪式地方性识别与建构——以贵州西江苗寨敬酒仪式为例  

Study on recognition and construction of toast ceremony locality in Xijiang Miao village,Guizhou:A case study of gaoshanliushui

作　　者：梁子茵 殷红梅[1,2] 李瑞[1] 蔡茜 陆婷婷 LIANG Ziyin;YIN Hongmei;LI Rui;CAI Xi;LU Tingting(School of Geography&Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;School of International Tourism&Culture,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范大学国际旅游文化学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《美食研究》2021年第2期14-22,共9页Journal of Researches on Dietetic Science and Culture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41861026);国家自然科学基金项目(42061028)。

摘　　要：地方性是一个地方的根本属性,也是民族村寨旅游发展的主要吸引力。在旅游驱动下民族村寨逐渐成为消费的场域,地方传统饮食文化面临着被消解的危险。以贵州西江千户苗寨“高山流水”敬酒仪式为例,运用仪式理论和建构主义原真性理论对其地方性的识别与建构进行解读。研究表明:(1)从景观、文本、符号和情感等要素识别传统敬酒仪式主要作用于祭祀和日常生活;(2)旅游介入下,传统敬酒仪式经历“前阈限阶段(结构)-阈限阶段(反结构)-后阈限阶段(结构)”逐步过渡到多文化融合的“高山流水”敬酒仪式状态;(3)在阈限阶段,“高山流水”敬酒仪式的建构经过了“去神圣化-仪式化-再地方化”的演变过程,并赋予西江苗寨新的地方性。Locality is not only the fundament attribute of a place but also the main attraction of tourism development in ethnic villages. Driven by tourism,ethnic villages have gradually become areas of consumption and the traditional culture is facing the problem of being eliminated. Therefore,it is important to pay attention to the locality evolution under the influence of tourism in ethnic villages. Based on the ritual theory and constructivism theory of authenticity,the study interprets the gaoshanliushui’s locality identification and construction with a micro perspective. It is concluded that:( 1) The locality of Xijiang traditional toasting ceremony is distinguished from the landscape,text symbol and emotion,and this ceremony plays a role in sacrifice and daily life.( 2) With the intervention of tourism,this ceremony began to transfer from the primitive and loose state to the multi-cultural integration with three processes which are pre-threshold stage( structure),threshold stage( anti-structure) and post-threshold stage( structure). At the pre-threshold stage,the locality of the traditional ceremony has its own system with stable and primitive. At the threshold stage,the locality structure of this ceremony changed and gradually entered a state of chaos and instability. At the post-threshold stage,a new stable locality with the nature of constructivism was constructed.( 3) At the threshold stages,the construction of this ceremony went through the evolution process of de-sanctification,ritualization and re-localization.

关 键 词：敬酒仪式 地方性 识别 建构 西江苗寨 

分 类 号：TS971.2[轻工技术与工程]