生态湿地技术在非点源污染控制中的工程应用  

Engineering Application of Ecological Wetland Technology in Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

作　　者：张功良 蔡然 王征戍 李德祥 王瑞霖 刘芮杉 ZHANG Gongliang;CAI Ran;WANG Zhengshu;LI Dexiang;WANG Ruilin;LIU Ruishan(Beijing Capital Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Shuixing Investment Management Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101599,China;Capital Aihua(Tianjin)Municipal and Environmental Engineering Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300060,China)

机构地区：[1]北京首创股份有限公司,北京100044 [2]北京水星环境有限公司,北京101599 [3]首创爱华(天津)市政环境工程有限公司,天津300060

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2021年第2期45-51,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

摘　　要：内江包谷湾梯级湿地工程旨在示范利用生态湿地技术控制农村非点源污染。建设了三块梯级表流湿地,总占地面积4100 m^(2)。旱季及水量较少时通过泵站循环补水,雨季停用泵站,收集周边径流雨水,泵站总循环补水量900 m^(3)/d,湿地停留时间1 d。主要污染物设计去除率如下:NH_(3)-N为20%~40%,COD为30%~50%,BOD为30%~45%,TP为25%~40%。同时,采用人造跌水环境自然曝气技术,通过人为制造水体落差,层层跌水的方式进行曝气复氧,提高湿地运行效果。生态湿地选用铁锰复合氧化物填料、硫化型零价铁多孔活性填料、根区激活复合填料三种功能性填料搭配碎石、卵石、火山岩、砾石等常规基质,保证了COD、TP、TN等特征污染物的去除效果,提高了生态湿地的功能价值。选择不同花色、不同花期、不同高矮的水生植物搭配,设计营造以自然生态为主的湿地区域,打造包谷湾水库优美的景观生态环境。工程建设表明:在尊重自然的设计理念引领下,应用生态湿地技术可以解决川渝地区典型丘陵地形小流域农村非点源污染控制问题,同时充分发挥其生态景观价值。Baoguwan cascade wetland project of Neijiang City constructed three cascade surface flow wetlands,covering a total area of 4100 m^(2).In dry season or dry spell,water is circularly supplied by the pumping station.In rainy season or watery period,the pumping station is stopped to work,but used to collect rainwater from the surrounding runoff.The total circulating water supply of the pumping station is 900 m^(3)/d,and the residence time in wetland is 1 d.The designed removal rates of main pollutants are as fol⁃lows:NH_(3)-N at 20%~40%,COD at 30%~50%,BOD at 30%~45%,TP at 25%~40%.At the same time,the artificial falling water environment and natural aeration technology were used to aerate and reoxygenate the wetland,so as to improve the operation effect of wetland.Three kinds of functional fillers,such as Fe-Mn composite oxide filler,sulfurized zero valent iron porous active filler and root activated composite filler,were selected to match with conventional matrix such as detritus,pebble,volcanic rock and grav⁃el to ensure the removal effect of COD,TP,TN and other characteristic pollutants,and to improve the functional value of ecological wetland.Different flower colors,flowering periods and heights of aquatic plants were collocated together with natural ecology as the main part to create a beautiful landscape ecological environment of Baoguwan Reservoir.The project demonstrated that the applica⁃tion of ecological wetland technology can effectively control rural nonpoint source pollution in typical hilly terrain in Sichuan and Chongqing region,while give full play to the ecological landscape value of the area.

关 键 词：循环补水 人造跌水 功能填料 景观生态 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]