从“国权”到“国民”——五四变局与研究系国民外交的缘起  

From State Power to Citizen's Right:Political Changes and the Origin of the Yanjiuxi's Nationals Diplomacy Policy During the May 4th Period

作　　者：傅正 FU Zheng(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期45-64,共20页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：研究系与五四运动的关系毋庸置疑,学界大体上呈现出了两种截然相反的评价,或是赞扬研究系推动了思想启蒙,或是批判研究系为一党之私而干扰正常的政治秩序。然而无论是启蒙还是党争,都不会凭空发生,它们毋宁说是民初宪政危机的产物。《临时约法》遗留了总统府、国务院、国会的三元权力结构。三者的矛盾冲突既决定了府院之争,又深刻地影响了五四运动,同样左右了研究系的政策。该系从协助督军干政转向鼓动国民外交,不惟反映了从“府会联合倒院”到“府院联合倒会”的矛盾变化,更是此一矛盾变化的有力推动者。准此而论,探讨研究系国民外交的起因不失为对民初宪政史的有益补充。There are two totally different views about the relationship between the Yanjiuxi and the May 4th Movement.Some scholars praise politicians of the Yanjiuxi from whom the movement has been launched,and others critique these politicians that they have called a riot for their political interests.Whether it is enlightening or a factional political struggle,undoubtedly,they were both the outcome of earliest constitutional crisis.The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China had its Achilles'heel that it had caused endless struggle among the president,the prime minister and the congress.The controversies between the President and the Cabinet in 1917 and the May 4th Movement in 1919 were caused by this constitutional problem.The Yanjiuxi's policy was determined by the fundamental problem.These politicians changed their policies from supporting military interventions to launching the Nationals Diplomacy Movement,which reflected the process of increasing constitutional crisis.Therefore,the study on the origin of the Nationals Diplomacy is a useful complement to the constitutional history in the early Republic of China.

关 键 词：五四运动 研究系 国民外交 国会专制 连带责任内阁 国民制宪 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]