石家庄市秋冬季大气细粒子中糖类化合物的组成和来源  

Studies on the composition and source of saccharides in autumn and winter PM_(2.5) in Shijiazhuang

作　　者：刘水桥 杨阳 赵清 李杏茹 Shuiqiao LIU;Yang YANG;Qing ZHAO;Xingru LI(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China;Department of Chemistry,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学化学系分析测试中心,北京100048

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第5期1413-1420,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2017YFC0210000)资助.

摘　　要：糖类化合物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对局地甚至是全球气候变化有着重要的影响。本研究利用中流量颗粒物采样器分别于2016年9月18日—10月17日(秋季)和2016年12月15日—2017年1月13日(冬季)对石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)样品进行了昼夜采集,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪分析了样品中的10种糖类化合物,包括脱水糖、糖和糖醇。结果表明,石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中的糖类物质在秋冬季平均总浓度分别为(629.57±446.05)ng·m^(−3)和(950.45±821.63)ng·m^(−3),浓度变化范围是57.01—2411.5 ng·m^(−3)。其中脱水糖类(包括左旋葡聚糖、半乳聚糖和甘露聚糖),冬季浓度要明显高于秋季,其主要来源于生物质燃烧,是秋冬季最主要的糖类物质,分别占糖类总浓度的87.4%(秋季)和91.9%(冬季);左旋葡聚糖/甘露聚糖(L/M)比值表明,石家庄市秋季以作物残渣为主要的生物质燃烧类型,而冬季以硬木为主要的生物质燃烧类型。单糖和二糖浓度变化趋势一致,均为秋季明显高于冬季,秋季白天高于夜间,冬季白天低于夜间。阿拉伯糖醇、山梨醇、纤维醇主要来源于真菌和孢子的排放,秋季浓度略高于冬季。PMF源解析结果表明,生物质燃烧(83%),真菌孢子排放(3%),花粉(3%)及土壤再悬浮(11%)是石家庄市大气细粒子中糖类物质的重要来源。Saccharides are significant components of atmospheric particulate matter,and have an important impact on local and even global climate change.In this study,medium flow sampler was used to collect samples on diurnal/nocturnal basis in Shijiazhuang from September 18,2016 to October 17,2016(autumn)and December 15,2016 to January 13,2017(winter).12 saccharides including dehydrated sugars,sugars,and sugar alcohols were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the average total concentrations of saccharides in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Shijiazhuang in autumn and winter were(629.57±446.05)ng·m^(−3) and(950.45±821.63)ng·m^(−3),ranging from 57.01 ng·m^(−3) to 2411.5 ng·m^(−3).Dehydrated saccharides(including levoglucosan,galactosan and mannosan)which mainly come from biomass combustion,were the most important saccharides,accounting for 87.4%(autumn)and 91.9%(winter)of the total detected saccharides.The ratio of Levoglucosan/mannosan(L/M)indicated that crop residues were the main burning type in autumn and hardwood was the main burning type in winter in shijiazhuang.Sucrose and trehalose were typical disaccharides which mainly derive from soil resuspension.The monosaccharide and disaccharide concentrations have the same change trend,both of which were significantly higher in autumn than in winter,autumn daytime was higher than nighttime,and winter daytime was lower than nighttime.Arabinol,sorbitol,and fibronol were common sugar alcohols,which mainly come from fungus and spore.The concentration of those sugar alcohols showed slightly higher level than that in winter.The results of PMF source analysis showed that biomass combustion(83%),fungal spore discharge(3%),pollen(3%)and soil re-suspension(11%)were important sources of detected saccharides in Shijiazhuang.

关 键 词：大气细粒子 糖类物质 石家庄市 来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]