玉米芯栽培香菇的配方优化及胞外酶活性研究  

Study on Effective Cultivation Formula Selection and Extracellular Enzymes Activity of Lentinus edodes with Corn Cob

作　　者：杨建杰[1] 张桂香[1] 杨琴[1] 刘明军[1] 王英利[1] YANG Jian-jie;ZHANG Gui-xiang;YANG Qin;LIU Ming-jun;WANG Ying-li(Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2021年第4期26-31,共6页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院食用菌遗传育种与高效栽培学科团队(2017GAAS32);甘肃省瓜菜产业技术体系(GARS-GC-7);国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：利用玉米芯代替青冈木屑栽培香菇,通过对不同配方菌丝生长速度、生长势、商品性和生物学效率等农艺性状及经济效益的分析,筛选出玉米芯栽培香菇的最佳配方为玉米芯47.4%、青冈木屑31.6%、麸皮20%,石膏粉1%。此配方下,菌丝生长浓密、洁白、粗壮、整齐,平均生长速度3.53 mm·d^(-1),平均单菇重29.04 g,生物学效率97.4%,产值12.37元/袋,产出投入比3.5∶1,纯收入8.84元/袋,较青冈木屑配方增产38.71%,增收3.52元/袋。通过对最佳配方栽培香菇过程中胞外酶浓度的研究,发现最佳配方较青冈木屑配方培养基内羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶浓度高,但酶浓度变化规律一致。羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的浓度先升高后降低,在菌丝满袋时浓度达到最高,进入转色期后酶浓度逐渐降低;漆酶的浓度先降低后升高,在发菌初期达到最高,随着香菇菌丝的生长而降低,菌丝满袋时降到最低,随后酶浓度逐渐回升。Using corn cob instead of wood chips to cultivate Lentinus edodes, aronomic characters and economic benefits of different formulae, including mycelia growth rate, growth potential, commercial property and biological efficiency were analyzed.Finally selected out the optimal formula was corn cob 47.4%, wood shavings 31.6%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%. The mycelium on the optimized formula medium grew thickly, white, thick, neat, mycelium growth rate was 3.53 mm·d^(-1), the average weight of the single fruiting body was 29.04 g, the biological efficiency was 97.4%, the output value was 12.37 yuan per bag, the production ratio was 3.5∶1, the net income of cultivation was 8.84 yuan per bag, and the yield of cultivation was 38.71% higher than that of pure sawdust formula, and income increasing ability was 3.52 yuan per bag. The extracellular enzyme concentration in Lentinus edodes cultivation process was determined, the results showed that the carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase and laccase concentrationin optimized formula is higher than pure sawdust formula, but the same variation trendin different enzyme. The concentration of carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase goes up first and then goes down, reached the highest when the mycelium was full of bags, and gradually decreased after entering the transchromic phase. The concentration of laccase decreased first and then increased. It reached the highest level in the early stage of mycelium growth, and then decreased. When mycelium were full, it reached the lowest level, and then the enzyme concentration gradually increased.

关 键 词：香菇 玉米芯 木屑 配方优化 胞外酶 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]