民族旅游地区宅基地“三权分置”改革的实践探索--来自云南大理市的例证  

Practice Exploration of“Separation of Three Rights”of Homestead in Ethnical Tourism Areas:A Case Study of Dali City in Yunnan

作　　者：田逸飘 廖望科 TIAN Yipiao;LIAO Wangke(Institute of Economic Research,Dali University,Dali 671003,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学经济研究所,云南大理671003

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期104-110,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“宅基地‘三权分置’下农户生计策略选择及其可持续性研究”(YB2019025);大理大学博士科研启动费项目“民族地区宅基地‘三权分置’问题研究”(KYBS2018014)。

摘　　要：宅基地"三权分置"是当前农村土地制度改革的重要内容之一,也是激活农村发展动力、实现乡村振兴的重要抓手。民族旅游地区除面临宅基地取得、使用和退出制度不完整,用益物权难以落实等共性问题外,由于特殊的自然环境、文化传承和旅游发展等原因还暴露出了宅基地规划与监管缺位、"一户多宅""少批多建"等违规使用,以及自发流转并改变功能用途等诸多严峻问题。针对上述情况,大理市通过明晰主体并构造完整权能、界定"户""宅"并实施分类处置、稳定保障并拓宽流转与使用范围等措施,总结出了以明确集体的主体性作用并健全宅基地监管体系为核心,以明晰"人""户""宅"的关系与概念为基础,以实施分类处置化解历史遗留问题为手段,以因地适宜放活宅基地使用权为关键的改革经验。The reform of“separation of three rights”on homestead not only the important contents of the rural land system reform,but also an important starting point to activate the rural development power and realize the rural revitalization.Ethnical tourism areas faced with some common problems on rural homestead,such as the incomplete system of obtaining,using and withdrawing homestead,and the difficulty of implementing usufruct.At the same time,due to the special natural environment,cultural heritage and tourism development,serious problems such as the absence of homestead planning and supervision,the illegal use of“one family with morehouses”“,less approval and more construction”,as well as the spontaneous transfer and change of functional use are exposed.In view of the above situations,Dali has explored the reform path by clarifying the main body and building a complete power,defining“household”and“house”and implementing classified disposal,ensuring stability and broadening the scope of circulation and application.Based on the analyses,this paper summar-izes four reform experiences:emphasizing on the subjective role and improving the supervision sys-tem of homestead,clarifying the relationship and concept of“people”,“household”and“house”,im-plementing classified disposal to resolve problems left over by history,liberalizing the use right of homestead according to the local conditions.

关 键 词：民族旅游地区 宅基地 三权分置 实践探索 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]