“礼拜”来源再考  

Re-Examination of the Origin of libai(礼拜)

作　　者：刘曼 Liu Man

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学中国语言文学学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2021年第2期160-166,206,共8页International Sinology

基　　金：教育部社科基金青年项目“晚清民国常用词兴替与汉民族共同语词汇的形成”(项目号:16XJC740006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文利用明清天主教汉语文献、19世纪至20世纪初英汉词典、晚清民国期刊等资料,在宗教传播、语言接触的背景下重新考察“礼拜”一词的来源,指出“礼拜”明末已见于在菲律宾的西班牙传教士的汉语著述中,但在华天主教传教士主要使用“主日”和“瞻礼+数字”。新教传教士来华后,从广州人处习得了自东南亚传入的“礼拜”以与天主教相区别,并影响了中国人的用词。“礼拜”最终进入汉语共同语,可能还因为中国其他宗教的影响。“礼拜”一词的产生机制是汉语与西班牙语、葡萄牙语接触中词项空缺、语义借用引发的仿译、意译造词。Based on Chinese Catholic documents from the 19th century to the early 20th century of the Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper re-examines the origin of libai in the context of the language contact of religious communication,and points out that libai appeared in the Chinese writings of Philippine and Spanish missionaries in the late Ming dynasty.However,Catholic missionaries in China mainly used“zhuri主日”and“zhanli瞻礼+numbers”.After the Protestant missionaries came to China,they learned from the people of Guangzhou about libai introduced from Southeast Asia,and used it to distinguish themselves from Catholic missionaries,which also influenced the Chinese people’s use of this word.That libai eventually entered the ordinary Chinese language,may also have been influenced by other religions in China.The formation mechanism of new words is the parody and free translation of words caused by lexical gaps and semantic borrowing in language contacts between Chinese,Spanish and Portuguese.

关 键 词：礼拜 瞻礼 宗教传播 语言接触 

分 类 号：H035[语言文字—语言学]