结直肠肿瘤基础研究中小鼠模型总结与对比  

Summary and comparison of mouse models in the basic research in colorectal cancer

作　　者：张宇坤 胡汉卿[1] 盛祥宗 吴宏宇 张骞[1] 王贵玉[1] ZHANG Yukun;HU Hanqing;SHENG Xiangzong;WU Hongyu;ZHANG Qian;WANG Guiyu(Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院结直肠肿瘤外科,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国普外基础与临床杂志》2021年第6期816-820,共5页Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics In General Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:81702867);吴阶平医学基金会项目(项目编号:320.6750.15183)。

摘　　要：目的归纳结直肠肿瘤基础研究中常用的小鼠模型及最新研究进展,整理各种模型的优缺点及用途,为研究者在选择不同结直肠肿瘤小鼠模型进行实验时提供参考和依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库中关于结直肠肿瘤基础研究中的小鼠模型的文献并进行综述。结果结直肠肿瘤研究中常用的小鼠模型有细胞系来源的肿瘤移植模型(CDX),患者肿瘤组织来源的肿瘤移植模型(PDX),化学试剂诱导结直肠肿瘤原位生成,基因工程小鼠(Apc^(Min/+)小鼠),小鼠自身肿瘤细胞移植以及结直肠癌转移瘤模型(包括肝肺转移、腹膜转移、骨转移等)。CDX模型建立耗时短,PDX模型还原了结直肠肿瘤的真实分子表型,缺点在于两者皆建立于裸鼠皮下,导致其肿瘤微环境真实性受到质疑;化学试剂诱导的小鼠结直肠肿瘤模型及基因工程小鼠模拟了小鼠肠道原位发生结直肠肿瘤的过程,但耗时相对较长;小鼠自身肿瘤细胞移植模型对结直肠肿瘤基础免疫研究极其方便,缺点为缺乏真实肿瘤微环境;结直肠癌转移瘤模型是研究结直肠肿瘤转移和治疗的必备模型,其建立需一定操作技巧,且需借助影像学检查来判断成瘤情况。结论结直肠肿瘤不同小鼠模型具有不同的侧重点和优缺点,研究者需根据研究目的和设计需要进行精确选择。Objective To summarize the common mouse models and the latest research progress in the basic research of colorectal cancer, introducing advantages, disadvantages and applications of these various models, provide references for the researchers in the selection of mouse models for their experiments. Method Retrieved the related literatures from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang, and after reading the literatures,different methods were sorted out, analyzed and summarized. Results The mouse models commonly used in colorectal cancer research include the cell-derived xenograft(CDX), patient-derived xenograft(PDX), chemical reagent-induced tumor in situ, transgenic mice(ApcMin/+ mice), tumor cells derived from mice themselves were inoculated to the normal mice, and models of colorectal metastatic tumors(including liver, lung, abdomen and bone metastases, etc.). The CDX model cost shorter time to establish, and the PDX model restored the authentic phenotype of the tumor in patients, but the tumor were both colonized under the skin of nude mice, which lacked authenticity tumor microenvironment. The colorectal cancer in mice induced by chemical reagents and genetically engineered mice imitated the development of colorectal tumor in the situ intestine of mouse, but both of them were time-consuming. The model established by the tumor of mouse own was convenient for basic immune research of colorectal cancer, but the disadvantage was the unreal tumor microenvironment. The colorectal cancer metastasis model was an essential model for the study of the mechanism and treatment in metastasis colorectal tumor, but its establishment required higher operating skills and required the image examination to determine the whether the metastasis tumor was successfully generated or not. Conclusions Different mouse models of colorectal cancer have different emphases, advantages and disadvantages. Researchers need to make accurate selection according to the research purpose and design needs.

关 键 词：结直肠肿瘤 小鼠模型 模型评价 模型对比 

分 类 号：R735.34[医药卫生—肿瘤] R-332[医药卫生—临床医学]