葡萄分层地下滴灌滴头布设深度优化  

Optimizating of depth of drippers for layered subsurface drip irrigation of grapes

作　　者：杜一超 蔡耀辉 张林[1,2,3,4] 朱德兰[4] 张光弟 李玉鼎[5] 贾毅男[5] 吴勇[6] DU Yichao;CAI Yaohui;ZHANG Lin;ZHU Delan;ZHANG Guangdi;LI Yuding;JIA Yinan;WU Yong(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid in Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Agricultural College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021, China;National Agro-tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [5]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [6]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100026

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2021年第6期615-621,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区东西部合作重点研发项目(2018YBZD0753-1);中国科学院“西部青年学者”资助项目(XAB2019B09);西北农林科技大学博士科研启动费资助项目(2452019194)。

摘　　要：为了解决不同树龄葡萄根系的差异使地下滴灌系统在布设应用中存在困难的问题,采用室内试验和HYDRUS-2D数值模拟相结合的方法,以宁夏和关中葡萄产区为例,研究了2种土质条件下分层地下滴灌土壤水分运动规律,提出了分层地下滴灌带最佳布设深度.研究结果表明,HYDRUS-2D模拟值与试验实测值具有良好的吻合度.地下滴灌带的埋深直接影响土壤水分的分布,2种土质下湿润体内部处于最佳含水率区间的土壤体积随滴头间距的增加而增大.通过适当增大浅层滴头埋深并减小深层滴头埋深可减小表层水分无效损耗.从避免水分无效消耗以及提高湿润体与根系匹配效果等角度出发,建议关中地区葡萄单滴头灌溉且适宜滴灌带布设深度为20 cm;宁夏贺兰山地区滴灌带布设深度以15 cm和45 cm为宜.It is difficult for the subsurface drip irrigation wetting body to better match the root system water absorption at different growth stages.In order to solve the problem,some researchers have proposed a new type of subsurface drip irrigation,layered subsurface drip irrigation system.A combination of laboratory experiments and HYDRUS-2D numerical simulation was used.The two major grape-producing areas in Ningxia and Guanzhong were taken as examples to study the soil water movement law of layered subsurface drip irrigation,and the layered subsurface drip irrigation optimal placement depth was proposed.The research results show that the predicted value of HYDRUS-2D has a good agreement with the measured value.The depth of the drippers directly affects the distribution of soil moisture,and the soil volume within the optimal water content range under two types of soil increases with the increase of the distance between drippers.Appropriately increasing the depth of the shallow dripper and reducing the depth of the deep dripper can reduce the inefficient loss of water.In order to avoid inefficient consumption of water and improve the matching effect of wetting body and root system,it is recommended that the appropriate depth placement with a single dripper of grapes in Guanzhong area is 20 cm.The appropriate depth of dripper placement in Ningxia are 15 cm and 45 cm.

关 键 词：分层地下滴灌 合理布设深度 数值模拟 水分运移 根系匹配 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]