宅基地“三权分置”的权利结构与立法表达  

The Right Structure and Legislative Expression of “Separation of Three Rights” of Homestead

作　　者：管洪彦[1] Guan Hongyan(Shandong University of Political Science and Law,Jinan Shandong 250014)

机构地区：[1]山东政法学院民商法学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《政法论丛》2021年第3期149-160,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(19ZDA156)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：宅基地"三权分置"旨在坚持集体土地公有制的基础上,通过宅基地要素的市场化配置实现其财产价值和利用效率的最大化。农户资格权本质上属于农民集体成员权的组成部分,是取得用益物权性质宅基地使用权的基础。但是,农户资格权隶属于集体土地所有权的内部结构,不应该进入"三权"体系。政策文本中的宅基地使用权应该界定为债权性质权利。在《农村集体经济组织法》中对农户资格权进行构建既理论自洽,又实践可行。"三权分置"下的宅基地权利体系表达可以从内、外两个层面展开。内部结构宜表达为"集体土地所有权-农民集体成员权-农户资格权"。外部结构宜表达为"宅基地所有权-用益物权性质宅基地使用权-债权性质宅基地使用权"。The purpose of the reform is to realize the maximization of property value and utilization efficiency through the market allocation of homestead elements based on the public ownership of collective land. In essence,the right of farmer’s qualification belongs to the right of farmer’s collective membership,which is the basis of obtaining the usufructuary right to use homestead. However,it belongs to the internal structure of collective land ownership and should not enter the "three rights" system. The right to use homestead in policy should be defined as the right of creditor’s rights. The construction of farmer’s qualification right in the rural collective economic organization law is not only theoretically self consistent,but also practically feasible. The expression of homestead right system under the"separation of three rights" can be carried out around the internal and external levels. The internal structure should be expressed as "Collective Land Ownership-Farmers’ Collective Membership Right-Farmers’ Qualification Right".The external structure should be expressed as "Homestead Ownership-Usufructuary Right Homestead Use Right-Creditors Right Homestead Use Right".

关 键 词：三权分置 资格权 宅基地使用权 权利结构 

分 类 号：DF452[政治法律—经济法学]