假想防卫过当的罪过形态研究  

On the Crime Form of Hypothetical Excessive Defense

作　　者：曹素兰 CAO Sulan

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《湖南广播电视大学学报》2021年第2期58-65,共8页Journal of Hunan Radio and Television University

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“公共卫生事件中罪名适用研究”(202010708)。

摘　　要：司法实践的惯常做法是将假想防卫过当笼统地限定在假想防卫的范围内,并直接认定为过失犯罪,但如此处理有失公允,易导致罪刑失衡。刑法学界不仅对假想防卫过当这一概念提出的必要性存在争议,即使在肯定其合理性的场合,对其性质以及罪过形态等内容的研究也存在诸多分歧。实际上,假想防卫过当既不是特殊的假想防卫类型,也不是特殊的防卫过当类型,而是一种独立形态。要明确假想防卫过当的罪过形态,必须先厘清假想防卫与防卫过当的罪过形态,再对二者的主观罪过形态进行排列组合式的分析。经过分析得出如下结论:假想防卫过当行为在“过失假想+故意过当”的组合模式中成立故意犯罪;在“过失假想+过失过当”的组合模式中成立过失犯罪;在“意外假想+故意/过失过当”(或“过失假想+意外过当”)的组合模式中成立相应单一罪过形态的犯罪;在“意外假想+意外过当”的组合模式中应以意外事件论处。The usual practice in judicial practice is to limit the imaginary excessive defense to the imaginary defense in general,and directly identified as negligent crime,but such treatment is unfair,and easy to lead to the imbalance of crime and punishment.However,the academic circle of criminal law not only disputes the necessity of putting forward the concept of hypothetical excessive defense,but also has many differences in the study of its nature and the form of guilt even after affirming the rationality of its existence.In fact,hypothetical over defense is neither a special type of hypothetical defense nor a special type of over defense,but an independent form.In order to make clear the form of the crime of over defense,we must first clarify the form of the crime of over defense and over defense,and then analyze the subjective forms of the two,and finally come to the following conclusion:under the combination mode of negligent assumption and intentional over defense,the behavior of over defense is an intentional crime;under the combination mode of negligent assumption and intentional over defense,the behavior of over defense is an intentional crime Under the combination mode of improper assumption,a negligent crime is established;under the combination mode of accidental assumption and intentional/negligent excessive or negligent assumption and accidental excessive,a corresponding single crime is established;under the combination mode of accidental assumption and accidental excessive,it should be treated as an accident.

关 键 词：假想防卫 防卫过当 假想防卫过当 主观罪过 罪过形态 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]