小麦秸秆纤维地膜垄上敷设装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Mulching Device on Ridge with Wheat Straw Fiber Film Cultivation

作　　者：陈海涛[1] 窦玉宽 王宇[1] 侯守印[1] 冯斌杰 祝祎璠 CHEN Haitao;DOU Yukuan;WANG Yu;HOU Shouyin;FENG Binjie;ZHU Yifan(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第6期117-126,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目(E2018008);山东省烟草专卖局(公司)2018年面上科技项目(2018371300270157);黑龙江省普通高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目(UNPYSCT-2018148);东北农业大学“青年才俊”项目(17QC33)。

摘　　要：针对利用现有塑料地膜垄上敷设装置铺设小麦秸秆纤维地膜时易出现地膜断裂和膜边破损等问题,设计了一种小麦秸秆纤维地膜垄上敷设装置。对小麦秸秆纤维地膜覆膜特性进行分析,建立了含有修正系数的垄上覆膜数学模型,探明了地膜产生断裂的主要影响因素;对关键部件进行设计和分析,确定了侧导向辊、压边覆土镇压装置的关键结构及参数范围;采用三因素三水平正交试验法,以展膜辊与压边轮的距离、侧导向辊倾角、工作速度为试验因素,以采光面展平度、采光面机械破损程度为试验指标,进行了参数优化试验和验证试验。结果表明:当展膜辊与压边轮距离120 cm、侧导向辊倾角30°、作业速度3.6 km/h时,采光面展平度97.4%、采光面机械破损程度12.6 mm/m^(2),设计的小麦秸秆纤维地膜敷设装置满足烟草栽培垄上覆膜机械化作业和农艺要求。Focusing on the problems of tearing and folding,when mulching straw fiber film for tobacco through using plastic-film mulching machines on ridge,a tobacco mulching device on the ridge with wheat straw fiber film cultivation was designed.The mulching straw fiber film process was analyzed to establish the mathematical model of mulching straw fiber film on the ridge with correction coefficient and the main factors affecting tearing of straw fiber film was proposed,when mulching straw fiber film.The structural parameter range of the key components was analyzed and confirmed and the structural parameter ranges were got,aiming at the guide roller of side of film and the device pressing side of film and mulching and pressing soil on the side of film etc.Three factors three levels orthogonal test was used,the distance between the roller of flattening film and the roller pressing side of film,the inclination angle of the guide roller of side of film and working speed were selected as test factors.The outspread degree and rate split by film-covering drill of light-struck film were taken as evaluation indexes.The results showed that the working speed and the distance between the roller of flattening film and the roller pressing side of film had an significant effect on rate split by film-covering drill of light-struck film(0.01<P<0.05).The effect of the inclination angle of the guide roller of side of film on the outspread degree was extremely significant(P<0.01).The results of verification test were as follows:the working speed was 3.6 km/s,the distance between the roller of flattening film and the roller pressing side of film came to be 120 cm,the inclination angle of guide roller of side of film reached 30°,such outspread degree was 97.4%,and rate split by film-covering drill of light-struck film was 12.6 mm/m^(2).The device mulching wheat straw fiber film can achieve agricultural need and mechanization of film mulching machine on the ridge for tobacco cultivation.

关 键 词：秸秆纤维地膜 烟草 垄上覆膜 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]