朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的最佳提取工艺及其抑菌性  

Optimum extraction technology and antibacterial activity of essential oil from the branches and leaves of Thuja koraiensis

作　　者：付聪 兰雪涵 李黎明 苑景淇 李成宏 杜凤国[1,2] Fu Cong;Lan Xuehan;Li Liming;Yuan Jingqi;Li Chenghong;Du Fengguo(College of Forestry,Beihua University,Jilin 132013,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Precious and Rare Forest Resource in Changbai Mountain,Jilin 132013,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]长白山特色森林资源保育与高效利用国家林业局重点实验室,吉林吉林132013

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2021年第6期141-151,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护管理项目(2017);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目(JJKH20200052KJ)。

摘　　要：【目的】朝鲜崖柏是集芳香、观赏、药用于一身的珍贵经济树种,其精油具有良好抑菌性。对朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的提取工艺优化、成分分析和抑菌性进行研究,旨在为朝鲜崖柏精油的开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取朝鲜崖柏枝叶的精油,进行单因素试验,并采用正交试验法和响应面优化法对提取工艺进行优化。采取GC-MS(气相色谱–质谱联用)技术对其化学成分进行分析。并用滤纸片抑菌法和平板涂布法检测精油的抑菌活性。【结果】水蒸气蒸馏法提取朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的单因素试验显示:液料比7.0 mL/g,NaCl质量分数2.0%,蒸馏时间2.0 h,新鲜枝叶时提取率较高。通过正交试验分析,蒸馏时间2.0 h、液料比7.0 mL/g、NaCl质量分数2.0%为最优组合,其精油提取率为4.2%。响应面优化法得到的最优组合为:液料比6.9 mL/g、蒸馏时间2.7 h、NaCl质量分数2.6%,在此条件下的精油提取率为4.3%,实际值为4.4%,两者拟合良好。通过化学成分分析,从精油中共检出48种化合物,占所提取精油总量的93.79%,其中以乙酸香芹酯含量最高。烯类物质17种,醇类物质15种,酯类物质6种,酮类物质5种,酚类等物质5种,分别占总质量的26.79%、25.40%、28.47%、11.84%和1.11%。精油对金黄葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径为13.28 mm,枯草芽孢杆菌的为12.04 mm、大肠杆菌的为12.94 mm,均表现为中度敏感。精油对金黄葡萄球菌的MIC值为0.005μg/L,对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的MIC值均为0.010μg/L。【结论】水蒸气蒸馏法提取朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的最佳工艺研究,既节省了溶剂用量,缩短了蒸馏时间,又保证了提取率,有利于后续的研究,对企业生产有一定的借鉴价值。朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的抑菌效果明显,有较大开发潜力,建议加以收集利用。[Objective]Thuja koraiensis is a kind of precious economic tree species with fragrance,ornamental and medicinal functions and its essential oil has good antibacterial activity.In order to provide technical scientific basis for the development and utilization of T.koraiensis,we studied the optimization of extraction process,component analysis and antibacterial activity of essential oil from branches and leaves of T.koraiensis.[Method]The essential oil from the branches and leaves of T.koraiensis was extracted by steam distillation,and the single factor experiment was carried out.The extraction process of the essential oil from the branches and leaves of T.koraiensis was optimized by orthogonal test and response surface methodology.The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS.The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was detected by filter paper and plate coating methods.[Result]The single factor experiment showed that when the liquid-solid ratio was 7.0 mL/g,the mass fraction of NaCl was 2.0%,the distillation time was2.0 h,the storage condition was fresh,the extraction rate of essential oil was high.The orthogonal test showed that the optimal combination of the factors was distillation time of 2.0 h,liquid-solid ratio of7.0 mL/g,NaCl mass fraction of 2.0%.And under the condition,the extraction rate of essential oil was4.2%.The response surface optimization method showed that the optimal combination was liquid-solid ratio of 6.9 mL/g,distillation time of 2.7 h,NaCl mass fraction of 2.6%.Under the condition,the extraction rate of essential oil was 4.3%,while the actual ate from the experiment was 4.4%,which means that they fit well.From GC-MS analysis,48 kinds of compounds were detected,accounting for 93.79%of the total,in which the highest was carvyl acetate.There were 17 alkenes,15 alcohols,6 esters,5 ketones and 5 phenols,which accounted for 26.79%,25.40%,28.47%,11.84%and 1.11%of the total,respectively.The diameters of bacteriostatic circle against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia

关 键 词：朝鲜崖柏 精油提取 成分分析 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：TQ654.2[化学工程—精细化工]