小学生视力低下及屈光状态调查  

Survey of the poor vision and refractive status of primary school students

作　　者：周桂荣[1] 关含笑 张芳 张延吉[1] 李龙建[1] 陈润泽 Zhou Guirong;Guan Hanxiao;Zhang Fang;Zhang Yanji;Li Longjian;Chen Runze(Beijing Mentougou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市门头沟区疾病预防控制中心,102300 [2]北京市门头沟区教育委员会 [3]北京市门头沟区中小学卫生保健所

出　　处：《现代养生》2021年第12期83-88,共6页Health Protection and Promotion

基　　金：北京市门头沟区小学生近视防控试点项目。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市门头沟区小学生视力低下及屈光不正流行现状,为青少年近视防控提供科学依据。方法抽取2020年11月北京市门头沟区4所1~6年级的3900名小学生进行裸眼视力、屈光状态及问卷调查。结果共调查3900人,视力低下率48.67%,男生视力低下率47.60%,女生视力低下率49.72%;轻度、中度、重度视力低下检出率分别为23.02%、36.88%、40.09%,且各年级组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);屈光不正检出率41.49%;近视率38.72%;远视率3.08%;左眼等效球镜(SE)从一年级的均值0.15±0.95D下降到六年级-1.67±1.90D,右眼等效球镜(SE)从一年级均值0.16±0.92D下降到六年级-1.82±1.81D;左右眼屈光度均随年级的升高而下降(P<0.001);1898名视力低下者中,戴镜者507人,戴镜率26.70%;戴镜者中矫正视力不足4.9者168人,矫正不足率为8.85%。不戴镜率和矫正不足率各年级组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论北京市门头沟区小学生视力低下和屈光不正检出率均在较高水平,重度视力低下检出率高,配镜率低且存在矫正不足;这一现象应引起各方面足够重视,加强爱眼护眼及配镜等专业知识的宣传。Objective To understand the prevalence of poor vision and ametropia among primary school students in Mentougou District of Beijing and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia among adolescents.Methods The naked eye vision,refractive state and questionnaire survey were conducted among 3900 students from 4 full-time primary schools in Mentougou District of Beijing in November 2020.Results A total of 3900 people were investigated.The detection rate of poor vision was 48.67%,47.60%of boys and 49.72%of girls.The detection rates of mild,moderate and severe low visual acuity were 23.02%,36.88 and 40.09%respectively,and there were statistical differences among groups in each grade(P<0.01);The detection rate of refractive error,myopia and hyperopia was 41.49%,38.72%and 3.08%.The equivalent spherical mirror(SE)of the left eye decreased from the mean 0.15±0.95 D of the first grade to the mean-1.67±1.90 D of the sixth grade,and the equivalent spherical mirror(SE)of the right eye decreased from the mean 0.16±0.92 D of the first grade to the mean-1.82±1,81 D of the sixth grade.The refraction of left and right eyes decreased with the increase of grade(P<0.001).Among the 1,898 patients with low vision,507 wore glasses(26.70%);Among the wearers,the corrected visual acuity was less than 4.9 in 168,and the correction rate was 8.85%.The rate of not wearing glasses and the rate of insufficiency correction were statistically significant among each grade group(P<0.001).Conclusion The detection rate of poor visual acuity and refractive error in primary school students in Mentougou District of Beijing is at a high level,the detection rate of severe low visual acuity is high,and the rate of lens placement is low and there is insufficient correction.This phenomenon should arouse enough attention from all aspects and strengthen the publicity of professional knowledge such as eye care and glasses.

关 键 词：小学生 视力低下 屈光不正 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科]