高功能孤独症谱系障碍患儿基本表情识别的眼动特征及其与社交损伤的关联  

Visual fixation patterns during basic facial emotion recognition and its correlation with social impairment among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder

作　　者：陈倩 王馨[1] 曹牧青 陈嘉洁 刘斯宇 曾晶晶 静进[1] Chen Qian;Wang Xin;Cao Muqing;Chen Jiajie;Liu Siyu;Zeng Jingjing;Jing Jin(Department of Maternal and Child Health,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生系,广州510080

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2021年第6期484-488,共5页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81872639);广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B030335001);广州市残疾人联合会项目(2019)。

摘　　要：目的探讨表情识别能力不同的高功能孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿对于基本表情识别的眼动注视特征及其与社交损伤的关联。方法采用病例对照研究方法,纳入中山大学儿童青少年心理行为发育研究中心2019年7—12月招募的42例6~9岁高功能ASD患儿,同时选取23名同年龄段的正常发育儿童。根据表情命名任务中的表现将高功能ASD患儿分为ASD-1组(能够正确命名高兴、恐惧表情)和ASD-2组(能正确命名高兴、不能命名恐惧表情)。所有正常发育儿童均能够正确命名高兴、恐惧表情。使用红外眼动记录仪记录3组儿童在自由浏览表情任务中的眼动轨迹。采用社交反应量表评估ASD患儿社交损伤情况,并以总分75分为界值分为社交损伤轻度或重度。采用重复测量方差分析各组对情绪面孔的眼动注视特征,广义线性混合效应模型分析ASD患儿眼动特征与社交损伤的关系。结果ASD-1组患儿25例,其中男20例,年龄(7.9±1.0)岁;ASD-2组患儿17例,其中男14例,年龄(7.2±1.2)岁;正常发育儿童组23名,其中男12名,年龄(7.7±1.3)岁;3组儿童在年龄、性别分布上差异均无统计学意义(F=2.05、χ^(2)=10.08,P=0.14、0.07)。高兴表情下,正常发育儿童组、ASD-1组、ASD-2组眼部总注视时间比例(FDP)差异有统计学意义(0.37±0.20、0.35±0.20、0.47±0.24,F=3.97,P=0.02)。广义线性混合效应模型在控制表情、性别、年龄、总智商等混杂因素后,发现ASD患儿眼部FDP与其社交损伤程度负相关(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.06~0.35,P<0.01)。结论高功能ASD患儿眼部注视时长越长,社交损伤程度越轻,其中,表情识别能力缺陷的高功能ASD患儿,需要用较长时间注视眼部以达到正确识别高兴表情的目的。Objective To explore the visual fixation patterns during facial emotion recognition and the association between fixation duration percentage(FDP)of eye region with social impairment among high-functioning autism spectrum disorders(HFASD).Methods Children were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Behavior Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,between July and December 2019 for case control study.A total of 42 children with HFASD and 23 age-and gender-matched typical development(TD)children were enrolled.Based on their performance during the facial emotion recognition task,HFASD children were further divided into ASD-1 group(correctly recognized both happy and fear emotions)and ASD-2 group(recognized happy emotions only).During the free viewing task,an infrared eye tracker was used to record the gazing data of children in the three groups.The social responsiveness scales(SRS)was utilized to evaluate HFASD children′s social impairment,with the cutoff score of 75 to differentiate those from mild and severe social impairment.The differences of FDP among the three groups were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)model.Mixed linear regression model was conducted to evaluate the associations between social impairment and FDP of eye region among HFASD children.Results The final sample consists of 25 ASD-1(20 males,aged(7.9±1.0)years),17 ASD-2(14 males,aged(7.2±1.2)years),and 23 TD(12 males,aged(7.7±1.3)years)children.There were no significant differences in age and gender among three groups(F=2.05,χ^(2)=10.08,P=0.14 and 0.07,respectively).For the happy emotion,there are significant differences in eye FDP among the three groups(TD:0.37±0.20,ASD-1:0.35±0.20,ASD-2:0.47±0.24,F=3.97,P=0.02).Mixed linear regression model revealed that,adjusting for emotion,gender,age and intelligence quotient,ASD children′s eye FDP negatively associates with social impairment(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.06-0.35,P<0.01).Conclusions Longer FDP is associated with milder social impairment among HFASD children.HFASD children wi

关 键 词：孤独性障碍 面部表情 社会行为 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]