近20年来我国沉积物环境与污染控制研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of Sediment Environment and Pollution Control in China in Recent 20 Years

作　　者：范成新[1] 刘敏[2] 王圣瑞 方红卫[4] 夏星辉[5] 曹文志 丁士明[1] 侯立军[7] 王沛芳[8] 陈敬安[9] 游静 王菊英[11] 盛彦清[12] 朱伟[13] FAN Chengxin;LIU Min;WANG Shengrui;FANG Hongwei;XIA Xinghui;CAO Wenzhi;DING Shiming;HOU Lijun;WANG Peifang;CHEN Jing'an;YOU Jing;WANG Juying;SHENG Yanqing;ZHU Wei(State Key Laboratory of Lake Sciences and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Geographical Information Sciences,Ministry of Education,College of Geographical Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200240,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security,Research Center of Water Science,Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai,Zhuhai Guangdong 519087,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;College of Geographical Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200240,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;School of Environment,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,National Marine Environment Monitoring Center,Dalian 266003,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai Shandong 264003,China;College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200240 [3]北京师范大学珠海校区水科学研究中心,粤港水安全保障联合实验室,广东珠海519087 [4]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [5]北京师范大学水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [6]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102 [7]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200240 [8]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [9]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [10]暨南大学环境学院,广东广州511443 [11]国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连266003 [12]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [13]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2021年第4期346-374,共29页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“长江三角洲城市群典型POPs环境过程、耦合机理与空间模拟”(编号:41730646);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“洱海界面系统磷迁移转化特征及藻类水华影响机制”(编号:U1902207);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目“径流变化条件下雅鲁藏布江生源物质迁移转化过程及微生物作用机制”(编号:91647206)和“径流变化条件下雅鲁藏布江水沙变化及河床演变研究”(编号:91647210)资助。

摘　　要：内陆水体(湖泊、水库、沼泽、河流)和河口海洋等底部,广泛且连续分布着沉积物质,在其形成过程中受自然和人类活动影响,具有与污染物有关的环境意义和特征。中国区域差异大,环境问题较为突出,经过近几十年来围绕沉积物环境和污染控制开展的研究,我国相关成果不断涌现。首先介绍了国际上有关沉积物环境的若干里程碑性研究,回顾了前70年我国沉积物研究的发展历程。然后侧重于与人为活动有关的环境污染,分别从沉积物环境和污染控制修复两个方面,总结和归纳了近20年来中国在沉积物水环境中的作用及效应、污染物在沉积物—水界面环境行为与影响因素、沉积物生态风险与质量基准、污染沉积物的原位修复、污染沉积物疏浚及异位处置利用等方面的主要研究进展,评述了其中一些研究成果的联系和差异。最后对我国沉积物环境研究中存在的问题进行了分析,提出关于多学科交叉、复合污染、新兴/非传统污染物、质量基准、治理技术创新等几个亟需和深入开展研究的科学和技术问题,给出了解决的思路和途径,并进行了展望。Inland water bodies(lakes,reservoirs,swamps,rivers)and estuarine oceans are widely and continuously distributed with sediments,which are affected by natural and human activities in the process of their formation,and have environmental significance and characteristics related to pollutants.There are great regional differences in China,and the environmental problems are more prominent.After decades of research on sediment environment and pollution control,the relevant achievements in China continue to emerge.This paper first introduces some international landmark studies on sediment environment and reviews the development of sediment research in China in the past 70 years.Then,the main research progress of China in the research fields of sediment environment and pollution control in recent 20 years are systematically summarized,which are the role and effect of sediment in water environment,environmental behavior and influencing factors of pollutants at sediment-water interface,ecological risk and quality criteria of sediments,in-situ remediation of contaminated sediments,environmental dredging and ex-situ disposal as well utilization of contaminated sediments.And the relationship and difference of some research results are reviewed.At the end of the paper,the existing problems of sediment environmental research in China are analyzed,and several scientific and technical problems that need to be studied urgently and deeply,such as interdisciplinary,composite pollution,emerging/non-traditional pollutants,quality criteria,and governance technology innovation,are put forward.The solutions and approaches are proposed,and the prospects are also given.

关 键 词：沉积物 环境效应 生态风险 质量基准 污染控制与修复 处理利用 中国 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]