先天性视盘小凹的诊疗现状  

The status of diagnosis and treatment of congenital optic disc pit

作　　者：任芳芳 金学民[2] Ren Fangfang;Jin Xuemin(Department of Ophthalmology,People’s Hospital of Henan University,Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,Henan Eye Hospital,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Department of Ophthalmology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学人民医院眼科,河南省人民医院,河南省立眼科医院,郑州450003 [2]郑州大学第一附属医院眼科,郑州450052

出　　处：《中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志》2021年第6期477-480,共4页Chinese Journal of Ocular Trauma and Occupational Eye Disease

基　　金：河南省科技厅项目(162102410004)。

摘　　要：先天性视盘小凹是一种十分罕见的视盘发育异常。一般无明显症状,待并发黄斑病变而出现明显视力下降时才被发现。常规检查手段存在一定的局限性。近年来逐渐兴起的频域深度增强相干光断层扫描OCT(EDI-SD OCT)及扫频源OCT(SSCOT),在扫描深度、广度及成像清晰度上均有显著改进,便于观察视盘小凹以及合并黄斑病变的细节,以及监测术后效果。先天性视盘小凹引起的黄斑病变,目前手术治疗方式主要包括激光光凝、气体填充、巩膜扣带术、玻璃体切除术、激光光凝,玻璃体切除术联合自体内界膜剥离、以及翻转填塞等。本文就先天性视盘小凹及其并发症黄斑病变的发病机制、临床表现、诊断方法、手术方法以及预后因素加以综述。Congenital optic disc pit is a very rare abnormal development of optic disc.Generally,there are no obvious symptoms,and it is only found when there is a significant decrease in vision due to maculopathy.There are some limitations in routine inspection methods.In recent years,the rising frequency enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain OCT(EDI-SDOCT)and Swept Source OCT(SSCOT),have significantly improved the scanning depth,breadth and imaging clarity,which is convenient to observe the details of optic disc pit and maculopathy,and to monitor the postoperative efficacy.At present,the surgical methods for the treatment of maculopathy caused by congenital optic disc pit mainly include laser photocoagulation,gas tamponade,scleral buckling,vitrectomy,laser photocoagulation,vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling,and flip tamponade and so on.This article reviews the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods,surgical methods and prognostic factors of congenital optic disc pit and its complicated maculopathy.

关 键 词：小凹 视盘 先天性 机制 黄斑病变 治疗 手术 

分 类 号：R779.6[医药卫生—眼科]