关于小角度极限下卢瑟福散射公式有效性的讨论  

Discussion on the Validity of Rutherford Scattering Formula under the Small-angle Limit

作　　者：黄开智 乔翠兰[1] 申晨[3] Huang Kaizhi;Qiao Cuilan;Shen Chen(College of Physical Science and Technology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079;Jiang-yan No.2 High School,Taizhou,Jiangsu 225500;Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学物理科学与技术学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]江苏省姜堰第二中学,江苏泰州225500 [3]华中师范大学人工智能教育学部,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《物理通报》2021年第7期48-51,共4页Physics Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目资助,项目编号:U1731243。

摘　　要：卢瑟福散射公式在大角度散射时其理论值与实验值吻合得很好,但在小角度散射时,却发现卢瑟福散射公式已经失效.一些研究者对此问题给出了不同的回答,其中认为忽略核外电子屏蔽效应是主要的原因.通过相关理论推算、建立模型以及数据验证,给出了一种回答,即卢瑟福散射公式在小角度散射时失效的主要原因是入射粒子单次散射的假设不成立.The theoretical value of Rutherford scattering formula in the large-angle scattering is in good agreement with experimental value.But when it comes to the small-angle scattering,it is found the formula has failed.Some researchers have given different answers that ignoring the extra-nuclear electron screening effect is the main reason to this issue.This paper thinks the failure of Rutherford scattering formula in the small-angle scattering is mainly due to the invalidity of the assumption of the incident particle's single scattering rather than ignoring the screening effect by related theoretical calculations,model building and data verification.

关 键 词：卢瑟福散射公式 有效性 小角散射 屏蔽效应 单次散射 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O571-4[文化科学—教育学]