欧洲新能源汽车现状与发展趋势  

Current status and development trends of European new energy vehicles

作　　者：汪善进 程远[2] WANG Shanjin;CHENG Yuan(Association of Chinese Automotive Engineers in France,Antony,92160,France;The School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]法国华人汽车工程师协会,安东尼92160 [2]哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及自动化学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2021年第2期135-149,共15页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

摘　　要：该文介绍了欧洲新能源汽车的现状和发展趋势,内容涉及欧洲汽车市场、欧盟的碳排放法规、欧洲各国政府的新能源推动政策、欧洲车企的新能源汽车战略和技术路线。尽管欧洲各大车企的新能源汽车长远目标不同,但因为他们必须遵循相同的CO_(2)排放法规,短期内的技术路线大同小异,即纯电动与插电式混合动力齐头并进。动力电池方面,欧洲车企都采用三元锂电池技术;纯电动驱动系统方面,欧洲车企基本都采用驱动电机加单速减速器的配置方式;混合动力方面,欧洲车企的选择以并联结构为主,既有利于优化能量传递效率,丰富工作模式,又能充分发挥欧洲车企在发动机和变速箱技术方面的传统优势。值得一提的是,混合动力专用变速箱(DHT)技术已经在欧洲成功上市。这种技术更能充分发挥电气化动力总成的优势,正在形成发展潮流。欧盟严格的CO_(2)排放法规是保证新能源汽车在未来几十年里持续发展的最大推手。欧洲在传统汽车技术、生产、销售方面的雄厚实力也正在变成其新能源汽车发展的强大优势。预计在未来的10年里,欧洲的新能源汽车份额将会持续而稳定地增长,2040年前新能源汽车将主导欧洲市场。This article introduces the current status and development trends of new energy vehicles in Europe,covering the European auto market,the EU‘s carbon emission regulations,the new energy promotion policies of EU governments,and the new energy vehicle strategies and technical road-maps of European original equipment manufactures(OEMs).Although the long-term goals of new energy vehicles of major European OEMs are different,because they must comply with the same CO_(2)emission regulations,the short-term technical road-maps are similar,that is,pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles go hand in hand.In terms of power batteries,European OEMs have all adopted lithium ion battery technology;In terms of pure electric powertrain system,European OEMs basically adopt the configuration of drive motor combined with single speed reducer;In terms of hybrid powertrain systems,the choice of European OEMs is based on the parallel structure,which has not only potential for optimizing energy transmission efficiency,enriching working modes,but also giving full play to the traditional advantages of European OEMs in engine and transmission technology.It is worth mentioning that dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT)technology has been successfully launched in Europe.This technology can give full play to the advantages of electrified powertrains and is forming a development trend.The EU‘s strict CO_(2)emission regulations are the biggest driving force to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles in the next few decades.Europe‘s strength in traditional automotive technology,production,and sales is also becoming a strong advantage in the development of its new energy vehicles.It is expected that in the next ten years,the share of new energy vehicles in Europe will continue to grow steadily,and new energy vehicles will dominate the European market before 2040.

关 键 词：新能源汽车 汽车市场 碳排放法规 新能源战略 纯电动技术 插电式混合动力技术 

分 类 号：U469.7[机械工程—车辆工程]