ZnO NPs对四种豆科种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the germination and seedling growth of four legume seeds

作　　者：彭晴晴 杨静雅 钟民正 邢洋洋 李紫燕 毛晖[1,2] 周莉娜 PENG Qing-qing;YANG Jing-ya;ZHONG Min-zheng;XING Yang-yang;LI Zi-yan;MAO Hui;ZHOU Li-na(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1174-1182,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200403);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);国家自然科学基金项目(41571282)。

摘　　要：采用发芽试验,探究了纳米氧化锌(ZnONPs)对食用类及饲料类豆科植物豌豆、绿豆、紫花苜蓿、白三叶草的种子萌发、幼苗生长和锌含量的影响。结果表明:不同浓度ZnONPs(10、50、100、200、400、800 mg·L^(-1))处理的4种豆科植物的发芽率与对照(无添加ZnONPs)处理相比均无显著差异,随着ZnONPs浓度的增加,豌豆和绿豆幼苗的生物量先增加后减少,紫花苜蓿和白三叶草的生物量呈减少趋势。豌豆、绿豆、紫花苜蓿、白三叶草4种豆科植物表现出对ZnONPs不同的敏感性,其根长的剂量反应阈值分别为200、100、50、50 mg·L^(-1),超过浓度阈值,4种豆科植物的根长相比对照显著降低。最大浓度800 mg·L^(-1) ZnONPs处理对豌豆、绿豆、紫花苜蓿、白三叶草根长的抑制率分别达68%、75%、83%、85%,呈现出较高的植物毒性。通过测定4种豆科植物幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)含量,发现高浓度(100~800 mg·L^(-1))ZnONPs处理对豌豆和白三叶草幼苗的胁迫作用强于绿豆和紫花苜蓿。豌豆、绿豆、紫花苜蓿、白三叶草幼苗的锌含量均随着ZnONPs浓度的升高而增加,分别从对照的9.17、12.04、8.98、17.84 mg·kg^(-1)增长到83.96、82.96、212.48、263.21 mg·kg^(-1)。研究表明,不同种类豆科植物对ZnONPs的敏感性不同,敏感程度由高到低依次为白三叶草、紫花苜蓿、绿豆、豌豆。In this study,the effects of different zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)concentrations on germination,seedling growth,and zinc contents with edible and feed legumes(pea,mung bean,alfalfa,and white clover)were investigated through germination trials.Results showed that,no significant differences in the germination rates of the four legumes with ZnO NPs concentrations(10,50,100,200,400,800 mg·L^(-1))compared with the control.The biomasses of pea and mung bean seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increase in ZnO NPs concentrations,while alfalfa and white clover tended to decrease.Pea,mung bean,alfalfa,and white clover seedlings showed different sensitivities to ZnO NPs;the dose-response thresholds with root length were 200,100,50 mg·L^(-1),and 50 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The four seedlings′root length decreased with the increase of ZnO NPs concentration when exceeding these thresholds.The root growth inhibition rates with the 800 mg·L^(-1)ZnO NP treatment for pea,mung bean,alfalfa,and white clover were 68%,75%,83%,and 85%,respectively,indicating phytotoxicity.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the seedlings was also determined.The stress effect of high concentration(100~800 mg·L^(-1))ZnO NPs was stronger for pea and white clove seedlings than on mung bean and alfalfa.Zinc contents in pea,mung bean,alfalfa,and white clover seedlings increased from 9.17,12.04,8.98 mg·kg^(-1),and 17.84 mg·kg^(-1)with the control,to 83.96,82.96,212.48 mg·kg^(-1),and 263.21 mg·kg^(-1)with the highest ZnO NPs treatments,respectively.In summary,the sensitivity of different types of legumes to ZnO NPs differed in the order of white clover,alfalfa,mung bean,and pea from high to low.

关 键 词：ZnONPs 豌豆 绿豆 紫花苜蓿 白三叶草 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S522[农业科学—作物学]