“差点儿没VP”构式肯否语义不一致及其语用动因  

Semantic Inconsistence between Affirmative and Negative and Pragmatic Motivation in the“Chadianr Mei+VP”

作　　者：王丹荣 WANG Dan-rong(School of Literature and Medium,Hubei University of Arts and Science,Xiangyang,Hubei 441053,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北文理学院文学与传媒学院,湖北襄阳441053

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第3期107-115,共9页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语隐性祈使手段与祈使力度的语用推导研究”(18BYY178)。

摘　　要："差点没VP"一直存在肯定语义与否定语义不一致的现象。否定词"没"究竟是冗余成分还是真值否定,引起不少学者的关注。通过对BCC和国家语委语料库中399条"差点儿没VP"的语料进行数据统计,结果显示,该构式中的VP近九成由表示消极意义的成分构成,推导得出"差点儿没VP"构式义为"险些遭受到某些心里没有预设的结果"。分析显示,当VP表示消极或中性意义时,构式义压制"没"的否定语义,"没"只表示说话人主观意愿的突显;当VP表示积极意义时,构式义激活"没"的否定语义,"没"表示真值的否定语义。"差点儿没VP"肯否语义不一致的现象是在人们"趋利避害"的语用动机下形成的反预期表达。"chadianr mei+VP"has always been inconsistent with positive semantics and negative semantics.Whether the negative word"mei"is a redundant component or a truth negation has attracted the attention of many scholars.In this paper,statistics are collected on 399"chadianr mei+VP"corpora in the BCC and State Language Commission Corpus.The results show that nearly 90%of the VP in this construction is composed of components that express negative meanings.And it is deduced that the meaning of"chadianr mei+VP"in this construction is"nearly suffered from some results without presetting in mind".The analysis shows that when the VP expresses negative or neutral meaning,the constructional meaning suppresses the negative meaning of"mei",and"mei"only indicates the prominence of speaker’s subjective intention;when VP expresses positive meaning,the constructional meaning activates the negative meaning of"mei",and"mei"really indicates the negative meaning.The semantic inconsistency of"chadianr mei+VP"is a counter-expectation expression formed under the pragmatic motivation of"tending to be positive and avoiding being negative".

关 键 词：“差点儿没VP” 构式 压制 激活 语用动因 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]