传国玺、斩蛇剑、孔子屐、王莽头与汉朝的政治思想  

The Heirloom Seal of the Realm,Snake-chopping Sword,Confucius Clogs,Wang Mang’s Head and the Political Thoughts of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：付开镜[1] FU Kai-jing(Institute of Wei-Jin Culture,Xuchang University,Xuchang 461000,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌学院魏晋文化研究所,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2021年第3期65-70,共6页Tangdu Journal

摘　　要：传国玺、斩蛇剑、孔子屐是西汉时期的三件富含政治功能的国宝,王莽头是东汉时期具有政治功能的国宝。这四件器物经过政治符号化运作,成为汉朝政治思想的象征之物。传国玺代表汉朝建立源于天意;斩蛇剑代表汉朝建立者刘邦具有天授的异能;孔子屐代表汉朝以孔子的儒家思想为治国的指导思想;而王莽头则代表着敢于觊觎汉朝皇位者会受到必然的惩罚。这四件国宝在汉魏和魏晋禅代时都全部为新政权所据有。西晋时斩蛇剑、孔子屐和王莽头因缺少现实意义被放在洛阳的武库中,在一场大火中被全部焚毁,终结了其政治使命。而魏晋及其以后的新王朝,依然把传国玺当成立国神器,使之为政权的合法性服务,但对汉朝斩蛇剑、孔子屐和王莽头这三类文物及其故事却难以复制。The heirloom seal of the realm,snake-chopping sword and Confucius clogs were three national treasures with rich political functions in the Western Han Dynasty,Wang Mang’s head was a national treasure with political functions in the Eastern Han Dynasty.After the political symbolization,these four treasures became the symbols of the political thoughts in the Han Dynasty.The heirloom seal of the realm represented that the establishment of the Han Dynasty came from Heaven’s will.The snake-chopping sword represented that Liu Bang,the founder of the Han Dynasty,possessed the imperial power granted by Heaven.Confucius clogs represented that the Han Dynasty took Confucianism as the guiding ideological principles to govern the country.However,Wang Mang’s head represented that those who dared to covet the throne of the Han Dynasty would be inevitably punished.These four national treasures were all owned by the new regime during the period of transfer of the Han Wei and Wei Jin imperial power.In the Western Jin Dynasty,snake-chopping sword,Confucius clogs and Wang Mang’s head were placed in Luoyang Armory but burned down in a big fire due to the lack of practical significance,thus putting an end to their political mission.However,Wei Jin and the other new dynasties still regarded the heirloom seal of the realm as an artifact of the imperial and made it serve the legitimacy of the regime.Nevertheless,it was difficult to duplicate the three kinds of cultural relics and their stories,namely,snake-chopping sword,Confucius clogs and Wang Mang’s head.

关 键 词：汉朝 传国玺 斩蛇剑 孔子屐 王莽头 政治功能 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]