口腔局部麻醉新概念  

Novel concepts of dental local anesthesia

作　　者：赵吉宏[1] Zhao Jihong(The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology(Hubei-MOST)&Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education,School and Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University,Dept.of Oral Surgery,Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]口腔基础医学省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地和口腔生物医学教育部重点实验室,武汉大学口腔医学院,武汉大学口腔医院口腔外科,武汉430079

出　　处：《国际口腔医学杂志》2021年第4期373-379,共7页International Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81671008)。

摘　　要：本文介绍了口腔局部麻醉的一些新理念和新技术。强调口腔局部麻醉前对患者的身体状况及心理状态进行评估,根据身体状态评估结果合理用药,对紧张恐惧的患者进行必要的心理疏导或镇静,是保证局部麻醉安全的重要措施;阿替卡因等局部麻醉药物具有较高的安全性和较好的麻醉效果,已经在临床得以广泛应用,适用的局部麻醉方式也呈多样化趋势;新型无痛注射器能为患者带来舒适无痛的局部麻醉感受,同时为局部麻醉安全增添了一份保险;良好的局部麻醉药和无痛注射器的应用,带来了局部麻醉方式和技术的相应改变,局部浸润麻醉逐步成为口腔临床治疗首选的局部麻醉方式,牙周膜麻醉成为常规局部麻醉方式,还有一些具有针对性和特色的神经阻滞麻醉应运而生;口腔局部麻醉的安全、舒适和效果,归根结底在于规范化操作,因此口腔局部麻醉操作规范的制订十分必要,该工作已经在中华口腔医学会立项并启动。This article introduces some new concepts and techniques of local anesthesia for dental treatment. The significant measures that ensure local anesthesia’s safety are to evaluate the dental patients’ physical and mental state before local anesthesia, rationally use drugs depending on the results of physical state evaluation, and conduct necessary psychological counseling sedation for nervous and fearful patients. Articaine is highly prevalent in clinical practices because of its relative safety, good anesthetic efficacy, and diversity of applicable methods. The new painless syringes will make patients comfortable with local anesthesia and improve the safety of local anesthesia. The application of proper local anesthetics and painless needles will bring about several changes in local anesthesia methods and techniques. Local infiltration anesthesia has become the first choice of local anesthesia for dental treatment. Periodontal membrane anesthesia has become routine anesthesia, and customized and distinctive nerve block anesthesia has emerged. The safety, comfort, and efficacy of local anesthesia depend on the standardized operation. Under this circumstance, an imperative formulation of“Operational Standard of Oral Local Anesthesia”has been established in the Chinese Stomatological Association.

关 键 词：口腔治疗 局部麻醉 安全 舒适 规范 

分 类 号：R782.05[医药卫生—口腔医学]