稻-鳝综合种养氮肥减量效应研究  

Study on Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice-Eel Co-culture Model

作　　者：袁泉 吕巍巍 黄伟伟[1] 孙小淋 吕卫光[1] 周文宗[1] YUAN Quan;LYU Wei-wei;HUANG Wei-wei;SUN Xiao-lin;LYU Wei-guang;ZHOU Wen-zong(Eco-environmental Protection Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第6期43-48,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：上海市科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字(2019)第1-7号];上海市农业科学院创新团队项目[2017(A-03)]。

摘　　要：通过小区定位试验,研究了氮肥减量处理下稻-鳝共作系统黄鳝生长特征、水稻产量、水体和土壤理化环境变化特征,综合分析了稻-鳝共作模式化肥减量效应。研究发现,黄鳝经过280 d养殖后,氮肥减量处理组和对照组之间的黄鳝捕捞体长、捕捞体重、肥满度和特定增长率均无显著性差异。稻田未投饵养殖条件下,黄鳝苗种当年养成收获,其规格平均增长1倍左右,平均特定增长率为0.26%~0.52%;黄鳝次年养成收获的平均规格可增长2倍左右,平均特定增长率为0.17%~0.21%。2019年无肥组(CK1)水稻产量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),常规施肥组(CK2)与氮肥减量各处理组水稻产量无显著性差异。稻-鳝共作模式环沟水体水位不超过40 cm,各处理组环沟水体溶氧含量、pH值、浊度和水深无显著性差异。8月份,CK1组总氮含量显著低于其他处理组,减氮10%处理组氨氮含量最高,平均含量高达8.9 mg/L。稻田土壤pH值变化范围为7.17~8.41,土壤总氮含量为0.12%~0.14%。6~10月份,减氮50%组土壤有机质、总氮、速效氮含量均大于或等于常规施肥组。10月份,减氮10%和30%处理组速效磷含量分别高于常规施肥组31.81%和15.91%。研究表明稻-鳝共作模式氮肥减量并未明显降低水稻产量和土壤肥力,从生态可持续角度出发应施行化肥减量,以减氮30%的综合效果最好。The growth characteristics of Monopterus albus,rice yield,physical and chemical environment changes of water and soil in rice-eel co-culture system under nitrogen reduction treatment were studied by plot experiment.The results showed that there were no significant differences in fishing body length,fishing weight,fatness and specific growth rate between the treatment group and the control group after 280 days of culture.Under the condition of no bait culture in paddy field,the average size of rice field eel seedlings cultivated and harvested in the same year increased by about one time,and the average specific growth rate of rice field eel seedling was 0.26%~0.52%,while that of rice field eel in the next year increased by about two times.The average specific growth rate was 0.17%~0.21%.In 2019,the rice yield of CK1 group was significantly lower than that of other treatment groups(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in rice yield between conventional fertilization group(CK2)and nitrogen reduction treatment groups.When the water level in the ring-ditch was less than 40 cm,there were no significant differences in dissolved oxygen content,pH value,turbidity and water depth among the treatment groups.In August,the total nitrogen content of CK1 group was significantly lower than that of other treatment groups,and the ammonia nitrogen content of 10%nitrogen reduction group was the highest,with an average content of 8.9 mg/L.The pH of paddy soil ranged from 7.17 to 8.41,and the total nitrogen content ranged from 0.12%to 0.14%.From June to October,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the 50%nitrogen reduction group were higher than or equal to those in the conventional fertilization group.In October,the content of available phosphorus in 10%and 30%nitrogen reduction groups was 31.81%and 15.91%,respectively.The results showed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly reduce rice yield and soil fertility in rice-eel co-culture system.From the perspe

关 键 词：黄鳝 氮肥 稻-渔共作 

分 类 号：S966.4[农业科学—水产养殖]