河南邓州八里岗遗址出土仰韶时期动物遗存研究  

STUDY ON THE ANIMAL REMAINS OF THE YANGSHAO CULTURE AT THE BALIGANG SITE IN DENGZHOU,HENAN

作　　者：王华[1] 张弛[2] Wang Hua;Zhang Chi

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院,青岛266237 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《考古学报》2021年第2期297-316,共20页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“早期丝绸之路东西文化交流的考古学研究”(项目批准号:16JJD780010)的资助。

摘　　要：目次一居址中的动物遗存二墓葬与祭祀坑中的猪下颌骨分析三结论八里岗遗址位于河南邓州市区东约4公里的白庄村北,该遗址是南阳地区一处重要的新石器时代遗址。该遗址出土了丰富的仰韶、屈家岭和石家河等文化的动物遗存,并发现少量前仰韶时期的动物骨骼。The 11 excavations at the Baligang site in Dengzhou City,Henan Province have unearthed abundant animal skeletal remains,especially the large number of pig mandibles concentrated in the burials and sacrificial pits,which provide an opportunity for in-depth research on the domestic pig breeding and sacrificial animals of the Yangshao period.Studies show that domestic pig rearing played an important role in animal production in Baligang,while people also hunt wild animals such as river deer and sika deer to supplement their meat resources.The abundant wildlife species unearthed at the Baligang site indicate that the site was surrounded by extensive waters,wetlands,and woods.The concentration of burials and sacrificial pits with a large number of pig mandibles shows the important role of pigs in burial rituals.Zooarchaeological studies have shown that there was a tendency to select mandibles of adult and old pigs in burials and sacrificial pits,with no preference in terms of gender.The small number of individuals with male characteristics in the group presumably suggests that castration of animals might have existed at that time.Cut marks were found on pig mandibles,and most of them were heavily weathered,suggesting that these bones were mostly collected after the daily consumption of meat resources by the people and used for regular funeral ceremonies.Combined with ethnographic materials,it is speculated that these pig mandibles may have had certain symbolic meaning in people’s daily life or funerals before they were buried in tombs and sacrificial pits as"ceremonial objects"of joint secondary burials,which were important in uniting communities.

关 键 词：新石器时代遗址 仰韶时期 动物骨骼 动物遗存 河南邓州 八里岗遗址 南阳地区 祭祀坑 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]