历史书写与史学功能——以清华简《厚父》所述夏史为例  

The Writing and Function of History:A Case Study of the History of Xia Documented in"Hou Fu"of the Tsinghua Slips

作　　者：张利军[1] Zhang Lijun

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,130024

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2021年第3期51-61,158,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“夏商周服制的国家认同内涵与社会治理功能”(项目编号:13CZS008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在当前的夏史研究中,学界主流认为二里头文化确为夏文化,夏是真实存在的王朝。西方学者以记载夏史的材料都产生于西周以后,而将夏代归于神话传说。最近刊布的《清华大学藏战国竹简(伍)·厚父》经研究为《尚书》类文献。《书》类文献的祖本一般为史官实录档案,因具有历史教育意义而经典化成为《书》之篇章,通过官学教育流传于后世,后经三晋传入楚地。该篇记载了王与夏贵族厚父对夏史的叙述,包括禹治水成功并建立夏邦,启继任后以皋陶为卿事等重要的夏史内容,反映了夏代的德、民、天命观及服制等重要政治制度与思想观念。《厚父》记录的夏代历史,为证明夏的存在及认识夏史提供了新证据,亦为认识《厚父》的史学功能提供了新素材。In the current scholarly study of Xia history,the mainstream view believes that Erlitou culture is indeed the Xia culture,and Xia is a historic dynasty.Western scholars regard the Xia Dynasty as a myth and legend because they believe that the historical records of the Xia history were only produced after the Western Zhou Dynasty.However,the chapter“Houfu”in the recently published bamboo slips collected by Tsinghua University tells us otherwise.Dated to the Warring States period,it has been confirmed as text similar to those in Shangshu.The source books for“Shu”documents are generally the records of historiographers.Because of their significance in historical education,they become the classics of“Shu”.They are transmitted to later generations through official education,and then to the state of Chu through the three kingdoms that were originally parts of the Jin.This article records the narration of the Xia history by the king and Xia’s aristocrat Hou Fu.It includes important stories including Yu’s successful governance of the water,the establishment of Xia state,and Gaotao’s succession as the minister.It contains valuable information regarding the political system and ideology of the Xia Dynasty,such as morality,people,the mandate of heaven,and social hierarchy.The history of Xia Dynasty recorded in“Hou Fu” not only provides new evidence confirming the existence of Xia Dynasty,which further helps us to understand the Xia history,but also provides new material for understanding that historical text's function.

关 键 词：历史书写 清华简《厚父》 商代典册 夏史 史学功能 

分 类 号：K222[历史地理—历史学]