伊拉克复兴党的兴衰成败与现实影响  

The Rise and Fall of the Iraqi Ba’th Party and Its Realistic Impact

作　　者：韩志斌[1] 薛亦凡 Han Zhibin;Xue Yifan

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710069

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2021年第3期54-82,共29页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中东部落社会通史研究”(15ZDB062);陕西高校人文社科重点研究基地项目“阿拉伯社会主义国家不同发展模式研究”(13JZ044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从文明交往理论来审视复兴社会主义的出现和伊拉克复兴党的形成,是西方社会主义思想和阿拉伯传统文明互鉴而产生的一种新思潮和实践成果。复兴党在伊拉克兴起并执政35年,其"因"有四:一是伊拉克复兴党从首次执政经历获得重要启示;二是扩大统治基础且建构"魅力型统治";三是推行石油国有化举措以实现经济独立;四是利用石油美元加强对国家的控制。伊拉克复兴党衰败并倒台之"训"亦有四:一是盲目发动两伊战争削弱了复兴党治国理政的基础;二是海湾战争受挫加剧了复兴党的颓势;三是制度化权力的缺失弱化了伊拉克复兴党的执政根基;四是复兴社会主义理论与伊拉克的实践存在错位。伊拉克复兴党的倒台对伊拉克本身、域内外局势均产生较大影响。复兴党作为一种概念,在现实生活中的影像是活生生的民众与具有边界的国家,其阿拉伯民族统一的阿拉伯民族主义思想主张尽管已经变得不切实际,但作为民众的想象会一直印在阿拉伯民众的脑海之中,并深刻规范着中东民族主义的发展轨迹与方向。复兴党在未来发展中应以开放的心态融入全球化文明大潮。From the perspective of the theory of civilization exchanges,the emergence of Ba’th socialism and the formation of the Iraqi Ba’th Party are a new trend of thought and a practical result of exchange between Western socialist ideology and traditional Arab civilization.The Ba’th Party emerged in Iraq and ruled for 35 years.There are four reasons.The first is the inspiration from the first ruling experience of the Iraqi Ba’th Party;the second is to expand the ruling foundation and construct a"charming domination";the third is to promote oil nationalization to achieve economic independence;the fourth is to use petrodollar to strengthen the control of the country.There are also four reasons for the decline and downfall of the Iraqi Ba’th Party:First,the blind launching of the Iran-Iraq War weakened the foundation of the Ba’th Party’s governance;Second,the setbacks in the Gulf War exacerbated the decline of the Ba’th Party;Third,the lack of institutionalized power crippled the ruling foundation of Iraqi Ba’th Party;Fourth,there is a mismatch between the theory of Ba’th socialism and the practice of Iraq.The fall of the Iraqi Ba’th Party has had a great impact on Iraq itself and the situation both inside and outside the region.As a concept,the images of the Ba’th Party in real life are living people and countries with borders.Although Arab nationalism of its Arab national unification has become impractical,the imagination of the people will always be printed in the minds of Arabia,which will also deeply regulate the trajectory and direction of the development of nationalism in the Middle East.

关 键 词：伊拉克 复兴党 萨达姆 复兴社会主义 

分 类 号：D737.7[政治法律—政治学]