欧李全生育期对N、P、K和水分的吸收规律  

Absorption of N,P,K and water during the whole growth period of Cerasus humilis

作　　者：王昊 马文礼 靳韦 陈永伟 杨波 徐灿 张敏 孙权[2] WANG Hao;MA Wenli;JIN Wei;CHEN Yongwei;YANG Bo;XU Can;ZHANG Min;SUN Quan(Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Management Bureau,Yinchuan 750011,Ningxia,China;College of Agronomy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750001 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第2期82-89,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重点资助项目(2020BBF02027)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究欧李全生育期各阶段养分及水分的需求规律,为开展欧李精准水肥管理提供参考。【方法】以珍珠岩基质栽培的3年生‘农大4号’欧李为试材,使用监测作物吸收水和养分的装置,循环供给霍格兰式配方营养液,研究在N质量浓度分别为180、120、60 mg/L的营养液处理下,欧李植株全生育期对矿质元素N、P、K和水分的吸收规律及欧李植株根、茎、叶和果实中营养元素的积累,并观测了欧李植株的生长发育状况和产量。【结果】随着欧李植株的生长,其对矿质元素N、P、K和水分的吸收量快速增大,日均吸收量高峰期从结果期开始持续至果实转色期,P、K则在结果期和果实转色期出现2次吸收峰值。对植株营养元素积累量的分析结果表明,根和茎中N含量较高,叶片和果实中N和K含量较高,但不同N含量营养液对植株矿质元素积累的影响不大,符合植株对矿质元素的吸收规律。确定了欧李各生长发育阶段营养元素N、P、K和水分的吸收量和吸收总量。【结论】当营养液N质量浓度为120 mg/L时,欧李生长发育状况中庸,果实品质最佳,植株养分积累量最大,产量最高。以此营养液N含量条件下欧李植株的吸收规律进行推算,定植12000株/hm2的欧李园,全年N、P、K的净需求量分别为266.10、165.45、398.25 kg,水分的净需求量为1907.55 m_(3)。【Objective】Aiming at studying the law of demand of the nutrient and water condition in each stages of the whole growth period of Cerasus humilis to lay a foundation for implementing precise irrigation and fertilization management for C.humilis.【Method】Using 3 years old‘Nongda No.4’cultivated in perlite base material as experiment materials by monitor water and nutrient device to supply Hogland formula nutrient solution circularly,studied the absorption of mineral elements N,P,K and water in whole growth period of C.humilis plants and the accumulation of nutrient elements in roots,stems,leaves and fruits of C.humilis under the nutrient solution concentration of N:180 mg·L-1,N:120 mg·L-1,N:60 mg·L-1,and measured the growth and yield of C.humilis plants.【Result】With the growth of C.humilis plants,the absorption of mineral elements N,P,K and water increased quickly.The summit period of daily average absorption lasted from fruiting stage to fruit color-changed stage,while P and K appeared absorption summit twice during the fruiting stage and the fruit color-changed stage.The analysis of plant nutrient elements accumulation showed that the content of N in root and stem was higher,while the content of N and K in leaves and fruit was higher.However, various nutrient solution concentrations had little influence on plant mineral elements accumulation, which was in accordance to the law of mineral elements absorbed by plants. This research has confirmed the absorption spectrum and total absorption amounts of nutrient elements N, P, K and water in each growth and development stage of C. humilis. 【Conclusion】When the concentration of nutrient solution was 120 mg·L-1, the growth and development of C. humilis were moderate with the best fruit quality, the largest plant nutrient accumulation and the highest yield. Based on this conclusion, the annual net demand of N, P, K and water for 12 000 plants/hm2 of C. humilis will be 266.10 kg, 165.45 kg, 398.25 kg and 1 907.55 m_(3).

关 键 词：欧李 水肥 吸收规律 生长发育 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]