我国掘进机研制现状、问题和展望  

Current Status,Problems and Prospects of Research,Design,and Manufacturing of Boring Machine in China

作　　者：李建斌 LI Jianbin(China Railway Group Limited,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中铁股份有限公司,北京100039

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2021年第6期877-896,I0003-I0022,共40页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：近年来,我国重大隧道工程相继开工,掘进机研发、设计和制造水平不断提高。通过分析国产掘进机的典型工程案例,总结我国掘进机自主设计、制造技术的现状:土压平衡盾构、泥水平衡盾构和岩石隧道掘进机3大机型技术已经成熟,马蹄形盾构、矩形盾构等异形断面掘进机关键技术达到国际领先水平,同时竖井掘进机产品开始应用。分析当前我国掘进机研发制造中存在的关键问题:1)设计软件均是国外产品,信息安全问题日益凸显;2)掘进机主轴承、减速机等基础零部件需要进口;3)创新产品市场突破难度大。结合当前技术水平和市场现状,认为智能化和多样化是今后掘进机研制的重点和趋势,提出多功能多模式掘进机、异形断面岩石掘进机、复合破岩TBM、部分断面TBM等新机型设计理念,期望能够推动我国掘进机技术革新。With construction of tunnel projects in China in recent years,the level of research,design,and manufacturing of boring machines has been improved greatly.The current status of independent design and manufacturing technologies in China is summarized on the basis of typical applications of China-made boring machines.The technologies are quite mature for three main types of tunnel boring machines,including the earth pressure balance shield machine,the slurry shield machine and the hard rock tunnel boring machine.The key technologies of non-circular full-face tunnel boring machine,such as the horseshoe-shaped shield machine and the rectangular shield machine,have reached the international leading level.Meanwhile the shaft boring machines began to be applied in the projects.The key problems in the development and manufacturing of boring machines in China are analyzed as follows.(1)The information security is increasingly prominent as the design software is provided by foreign companies.(2)The main bearing,gear reducer,and other key parts of tunnel boring machine need to be imported.(3)It′s challenging for innovative products to break through the current market.Based on the current technical level and market status,intelligentization and diversification are considered to be the focus and trend of boring machine technology in the future.A variety of new model design concepts are put forward in this paper,such as multi-function and multi-mode tunnel boring machine,non-circular hard rock tunnel boring machine,tunnel boring machine coupled with other rock breaking methods,and partial-face tunnel boring machine,which are expected to promote the technical innovation of tunnel boring machines in China.

关 键 词：掘进机 土压平衡盾构 泥水平衡盾构 岩石隧道掘进机 竖井掘进机 异形断面掘进机 复合破岩 智能化 

分 类 号：U455.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]