欧盟和中国关系中的西巴尔干问题——场域理论视角下“对手”语境的形成与启示  

The Western Balkan Issue in the Relationship between EU and China--The Formation and Implications of the Discourse of“Rival”from the Perspective of Field Theory

作　　者：刘作奎[1] LIU Zuokui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2021年第2期25-51,I0002,I0003,共29页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：2019年3月,欧盟在《欧盟-中国:战略展望》文件中将中国列为体系性“对手”,这是中欧1975年建交以来首次做出的定位。在具体实践中,欧盟如何打造中国是“对手”的逻辑,又如何构建中国是“对手”的话语体系?针对这一重要问题,本文使用布尔迪厄的场域理论,以中欧关系中的西巴尔干问题作为案例,详细分析在欧洲的政治、舆论场域中,视中国为“对手”的语境形成的具体内涵、逻辑,以及关系、资本、惯习要素在其中所起的作用。实证研究表明,有关“一带一路”在西巴尔干建设问題上,欧洲政治和舆论场域形成了较为集中的中国是“对手”的话语表达,无论欧洲议会还是智库都形成了相对一致的观点。文章通过对比中国和西巴尔干舆论场域的情况,指出欧洲舆论场域的自主性发展日益受到惯习、资本等限制,更加倾向于基于意识形态的“敌我观”而非基于事实的“是非观”。基于此,本文提出了改善中国在西巴尔干问题上国际舆论话语表述的政策建议。In March 2019,the EU identified China as a systemic“rival”in its policy paper entitled“EU-China:A Strategic Outlook”,which is the first subversive positioning made by the EU since it established diplomatic relations with China in 1975.This article analyzes in detail how the EU creates the logic of China as a urivar,and how it constructs the discourse system of China as a“rival”.It uses Bourdieu’s Field Theory as an analytical tool and takes the Western Balkan issue in China-EU relations as a special case to study the specific connotations of the discourse of identifying China as a “ rivar”in the European political and public opinion fields,and the functions of relationship,capital and habitus.The empirical study shows that the European political and public opinion fields have formed a basic consensus on the discourse of“China being a rivar”when dealing with the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative in the Western Balkans.By comparing the public opinion fields in China and in the Western Balkans,this article points out that the independent development of public opinion field in Europe is increasingly restricted by habitus and capital and tends to be based on ideology rather than facts.This article puts forward some policy suggestions on improving China's international discourse on the Western Balkan issue.

关 键 词：中欧关系 西巴尔干 场域理论 “一带一路”建设 体系性对手 

分 类 号：D822.3[政治法律—政治学] D814.1[政治法律—外交学]