外泌体在肿瘤微环境中调控肿瘤转移机制的研究进展  

Progress on Mechanisms of Exosomes Regulating Tumor Metastasis in Tumor Microenvironment

作　　者：甄芳 韩冰 胡晶[2] ZHEN Fang;HAN Bing;HU Jing(Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤内四科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150081

出　　处：《肿瘤学杂志》2021年第5期342-347,共6页Journal of Chinese Oncology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81972162);国家自然科学基金青年项目(81501960);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2019H026);哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院海燕科研基金重点项目(JJZD2019-04)。

摘　　要：外泌体是具有双层膜结构的细胞外囊泡,其直径在40~160nm之间。在生理或病理条件下,大多数细胞都可以释放外泌体到微环境中,肿瘤微环境中的细胞和肿瘤细胞本身都可以分泌大量的外泌体。外泌体通过携带蛋白质、脂质和核酸等物质,在细胞间进行物质交换和信息交流从而促进肿瘤转移。肿瘤微环境是由肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、成纤维细胞及细胞外基质等共同构成的内环境,在恶性肿瘤的发生、侵袭转移及治疗耐药等过程中发挥重要的作用。全文主要从肿瘤微环境的生物学特征出发探索肿瘤微环境与外泌体的相互作用,以及增强肿瘤细胞侵袭转移能力的机制予以综述。Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a bilayer membrane structure and a diameters of 40~160 nm.Under physiological or pathological conditions,most cells can release exosomes into the microenvironment,and both tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment can secrete a large number of exosomes.Exosomes promote tumor metastasis by carrying proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and other substances through material exchange and intercellular information communication.Tumor microenvironment is an internal environment composed of tumor cells,immune cells,fibroblasts and extracellular matrix,which plays an important role in the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors,as well as in drug resistance.In this article,the interaction between tumor microenvironment and exosomes and the mechanisms of enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis are reviewed based on the biological characteristics of tumor microenvironment.

关 键 词：外泌体 低氧 酸性 Warburg效应 免疫抑制微环境 

分 类 号：R730.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]