美沙酮门诊视角下我国禁毒工作的成效与挑战  

Effectiveness and Challenges of Drug Control in China from the Perspective of Methadone Maintenance Treatment

作　　者：马桂林[1] 陈娟娟[1] 欧阳雪[1] 郑蓉蓉[1] MA Guilin;CHEN Juanjuan;OU Yanxue;ZHENG Rongrong(Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiamen 361021)

机构地区：[1]厦门市疾病预防控制中心结艾科,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2021年第3期265-269,279,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

摘　　要：目的:探讨厦门市2009—2020年美沙酮维持治疗(Methadone Maintenance Treatment,MMT)门诊量下降的原因,讨论我国禁毒工作取得的成效和面临的挑战,为制定针对性的措施提供依据。方法:数据来源于国家戒毒药物维持治疗数据信息系统。对厦门市2009—2020年MMT门诊患者人数变动、新进与退出、异地转诊、退出原因等数据进行分析,并走访调查MMT门诊工作人员。结果:2009—2020年厦门市MMT门诊在治人数从1 438人下降到151人,日均服药人数从631人下降到94人,各年合计退出3 152人,新进1 924人,退出比新进多1 228人。由于存在"退出—再治疗—再退出"情况,如2次及以上退出者只统计最后1次退出,则2009—2020年实际退出1 823人,比同期新加入治疗的926人多897人。现场访谈也显示,门诊患者不断退出且大多数最终没有回到门诊继续治疗,新加入患者又越来越少。结论:厦门毒品滥用特征可能发生转变,针对阿片类毒品滥用的美沙酮维持治疗已取得阶段性成果。Objective: To explore the dropout reasons for outpatient quantity of from methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) in Xiamen city in order to provide reference for targeted measures. Methods: Data were collected from the information system of Chinese maintenance treatment program, such as enrollment, dropouts, cross-regional referrals, dropout reasons in Xiamen from 2009 to 2020. The staff of MMT clinics was interviewed. Results: The number of in-treatment dropped from 1 438 to 151 and the number of daily visits dropped from 631 to 94 in MMT clinics in Xiamen during 2009-2020. The number of actual dropouts between 2009-2020 was 1823, which was 897 more than that of new enrollment. Interviews also showed most dropouts finally didn’t return to MMT clinics for continuing treatment and new enrollment had decreased. Conclusions: The features on drug abuse may change in Xiamen city. MMT for opiates abuse has got periodical achievement.

关 键 词：美沙酮维持治疗 脱失 新入组 门诊量下降 原因 

分 类 号：R749.64[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]