天津市视障学校学生视觉损害的病因及康复现状  

An investigation on the cause and rehabilitation of visual impairment among students in Tianjin Visual Impaired School

作　　者：韩丁 杜蓓 周祎 魏瑞华 Ding Han;Bei Du;Yi Zhou;Rui-Hua Wei(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学眼科医院,眼视光学院眼科研究所,国家眼耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心天津市分中心,天津市视网膜功能与疾病重点实验室,中国天津市300384

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2021年第7期1292-1296,共5页International Eye Science

基　　金：天津市临床重点学科(专科)建设项目-青年项目(No.TJLCZDXKQ013);天津市滨海新区卫生健康委员会青年项目(No.2019BWKQ033)。

摘　　要：目的:调查天津市视障学校学生视觉损害的分级及病因,分析不同类型助视器的康复效果,为儿童视觉损害的康复工作提供指导依据。方法:于2019-08/09纳入天津市视力障碍学校学生86例。通过视力、屈光及眼部检查等方法,评估学生视觉损害的分级及主要病因。对盲和低视力学生分别验配3种远用及近用助视器,分析其康复效果。结果:学生86例中盲49例,低视力37例,主要病因为先天性眼球发育不良26例(30%)。盲和低视力学生应用助视器后康复远视力均有所提升(F=110.59,P<0.01),低视力组远视力优于盲目组(F=184.06,P<0.01)。盲目组应用3种远用助视器脱残率及低视力组脱残率均无差异,3种近用助视器阅读成功率在盲目组无差异,低视力组电子助视器优于手持放大镜及眼镜式助视器(χ^(2)=7.974、10.571,均P<0.01)。结论:儿童视觉损害以先天性眼病为主,验配合适的助视器可提高其康复效果,低视力患者电子助视器康复效果优于手持放大镜及眼镜式助视器。AIM:To investigate the classification and cause of visual impairment among students in Tianjin Visual Impaired School,and analyze the rehabilitation effect of different kinds of visual aids to provide guidance for the visual impairment rehabilitation.METHODS:A total of 86 students in Tianjin Visual Impaired School were recruited in August and September,2019.The classification and main cause of visual impairment were evaluated by visual acuity,refractive test and eye examination.The rehabilitation effects of 3 kinds of far visual aids and near visual aids were compared in the group of blindness and low vision,respectively.RESULTS:A total of 86 students(49 blindness and 37 low vision)have improved the distant vision using visual aids(F=110.59,P<0.01).The distant visual acuity in the low vision group was better than the blindness(F=184.06,P<0.01).The main cause of visual impairment was congenital ocular dysplasia in 26 cases(30%).There was no difference in the rate without visual impairment using the 3 kinds of far visual aids in both group of blindness and low vision.There was also no difference in the reading performance rate using the 3 kinds of near visual aids in the blindness,while the effect of electronic aids was significantly better than hand magnifiers and glasses aids in the low vision group(χ^(2)=7.974,10.571,all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The main cause of visual impairment in children is congenital eye diseases,and appropriate visual aids can enhance the rehabilitation effect.The effect of electronic aids was better than hand magnifiers and glasses aids in low vision children.

关 键 词：视觉损害 病因 康复 助视器 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]