帝国遗产与现实困境中的民族认同--摩尔多瓦的民族国家构建  

Imperial Heritage and National Identity in Realistic Dilemma: Moldova’s Nation-State Construction

作　　者：曲岩[1] Qu Yan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2021年第3期116-135,157,158,共22页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：重塑民族身份认同是后苏联空间各国面临的首要转型目标之一。生活在比萨拉比亚的摩尔多瓦民族本与罗马尼亚民族有着共同的起源和语言,但在17~19世纪现代民族形成和演变的历史进程中,摩尔多瓦民族与罗马尼亚民族渐行渐远。这并非两个民族的自主选择,而是俄罗斯帝国、奥斯曼土耳其帝国以及哈布斯堡帝国地缘政治权力争夺的产物。苏联解体后,摩尔多瓦成为独立国家,其发展的首要任务仍是民族身份认同的构建。处在东西欧之间、大国夹缝中的摩尔多瓦不仅背负着帝国的遗产,又面临现实的困境。摩尔多瓦通过国家语言的塑造与民族历史的书写来不断构建摩尔多瓦民族认同。在这个意义上,摩尔多瓦民族认同建构的历史与现状为我们理解中东欧国家转型过程涌动的民族主义、发展道路选择问题提供了一个绝佳的案例,同时,它亦有助于反思小国在民族国家形成过程的机遇和困境。Rebuilding national identity is one of the most important transformation goals ofthe post-Soviet countries. Moldovan nation and Romanian nation share the same origin and language,but in the historical process of the formation and evolution of modern nationalities from the 17 th century to the 19 th century,the two nationalities gradually diverged. This is not the independent choice of the two peoples,but a product of the geopolitical power struggle among Russian Empire, Ottoman Turkish Empire and Habsburg Empire. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Moldova became an independent country,and the primary task of its development is still the construction of national identity. Moldova,which lies between East and West Europe and between big countries,not only bears the legacy of empire, but also faces realistic difficulties.Moldova constantly constructs Moldovan national identity through national language and national history. The history and present situation of Moldova’s national identity construction provides an excellent case for us to understand the nationalism and the choice of development path in the transition process of Central and Eastern European countries,at the same time, it is also helpful to reflect on the opportunities and difficulties of small countries in the formation process of nation-States.

关 键 词：摩尔多瓦 罗马尼亚 民族认同 国家建构 转型 

分 类 号：K18[历史地理—历史学] D062[历史地理—世界史]