电动汽车永磁同步电机转子温度估计  

Rotor temperature estimation for permanent magnet synchronous motors in electric vehicles

作　　者：朱元[1,2] 肖明康 陆科 石其辉[2] 吴志红 ZHU Yuan;XIAO Ming-kang;LU Ke;SHI Qi-hui;WU Zhi-hong(School of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201800,China;Sino-German School for Postgraduate Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201800 [2]同济大学中德学院,上海201800

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2021年第6期72-81,共10页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0100804)。

摘　　要：针对永磁同步电机中转子温度过高导致永磁体永久失磁等问题,对永磁同步电机转子温度进行在线估计显得尤其重要。考虑到电机内部实际传热特性和实时温度估计的要求,基于集中参数模型的方法提出了五节点简化等效热模型,推导出电机温度估计状态方程;考虑到离散后的状态方程中节点温度的导数与节点温度和发热损耗的线性函数关系,提出了使用多元线性回归的办法对状态方程参数进行离线辨识,而不是传统温度估计方法中对电机参数的辨识;确定状态方程参数后,基于状态方程对电机转子温度进行在线估计。通过台架实验,在堵转、低速和高速混合工况条件下基于状态方程对电机转子温度进行了预测,将模型预测温度与实际测量温度对比,温度估计误差小于6℃。实验结果验证了所提出的热模型和温度估计算法的准确性,并且较低的模型阶数易于在汽车嵌入式系统中对转子温度进行实时估计。Aiming at solving the problems of the demagnetization for the permanent magnet due to the rotor high temperature,on-line temperature estimation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is crucial.Considering the real heat flow in the motor and on-line temperature estimation requirements,a five-node simplified equivalent thermal network is proposed based on the lumped parameter thermal network,and the state equations of the motor temperature estimation are derived.Based on the linear functions of the node temperatures derivative,node temperature,and heat loss in the discretized state equations,the multiple linear regression method is proposed to identify the parameters in the motor state equation.Then,the rotor temperature can be predicted in real-time based on the state equation.The bench experiment was conducted under the locked-rotor,low-speed and high speed conditions,and the temperature predicted by the proposed model was compared with the temperature from the sensor.The experimental results show that the proposed thermal model can accurately predict the rotor temperature with the temperature error of 6℃.The performance of experimental results verifies the accuracy of the proposed thermal model and the temperature estimation algorithm,and the lower-order model is easy to be implemented in the embedded system of automobile for the estimation of the rotor temperature in real time.

关 键 词：电动汽车 功能安全 永磁同步电机 温度估计 集中参数热模型 参数辨识 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]