生态修复与管理露天煤矿植被修复关键技术集成与应用研究——以胜利露天矿外排土场为例  

Research on integration and application of key technologies of vegetation restoration in open-pit coal mine——A case study of external dump of Shengli opencast coal mine

作　　者：李全生 韩兴 赵英 林海军[3,4] 王新民 LI Quan-sheng;HAN Xing;ZHAO Ying;LIN Hai-jun;WANG Xin-min(China Energy Investment Corporation,Beijing 100011,China;Shenhua Beidian Shengli Energy Co.,Ltd.,Xilinhot 026000,China;State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Ecological Restoration on Destroyed Surface,Beijing 100101,China;Louis Ecological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源投资集团有限责任公司,北京100011 [2]神华北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古锡林浩特026000 [3]国家环境保护创面生态修复工程技术中心,北京100101 [4]路域生态工程有限公司,北京100192

出　　处：《环境生态学》2021年第6期47-53,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501109-3)资助。

摘　　要：露天煤矿开采会对矿区生态造成扰动,然而目前露天矿排土场复垦技术较为单一,难以形成稳定的植被生态系统。以胜利露天矿外排土场为研究对象,采用现场调查与室内试验相结合的方法,研究了外围草原区、排土场不同坡向的土壤理化性质;优选和集成了基于土地整治、植被修复、景观再造等适用于露天矿排土场生态修复关键技术,形成露天矿排土场生态修复关键技术体系。研究表明,露天矿排土场采取地形重塑、排水系统构建、植被护坡技术,可以较好控制土壤侵蚀;添加微生物菌剂等改良材料,可以有效改善土壤质量、提高土壤肥力;选择适生植物并构建灌草、乔灌草组合,增加排土场物种多样性,形成稳定群落结构。The mining of open-pit coal has destroyed the ecological environment of the mining area.The current reclamation techniques used in open-pit coal are relatively single,and it is difficult to form a stable vegetation ecological system.This paper takes the dump of Shengli open-pit coal as a study,and adopts the method of combining field background investigation and experimental research to study the soil physical and chemical characteristics in undisturbed steppe and the different slope aspects of the dump.Optimize and integrate key ecological restoration technologies of open-pit dump based on land remediation,vegetation restoration,landscape reconstruction,etc.,to form a key ecological restoration technology system suitable for open-pit dump.The results show that the soil erosion of open-pit dump can be well controlled by adopting the technologies of Terrain remodeling,drainage system construction,and vegetation slope protection.Soil is the basis of vegetation growth and reproduction,adding improved materials such as plants,microorganisms,etc.,can effectively improve soil quality and fertility.The design of shrub-grass or tree-shrub-grass compose system can promote vegetation system the formation of a stable community structure with species diversity.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 排土场 土地整治 微生物改良 生态修复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]