加速度测量中气垫导轨的气流理论分析及实验优化设计  

Air Flow Theory Analysis and Experimental Optimization Design of Air Track in Acceleration Measurement

作　　者：卢肖然 马彬 邓莉[1] 张诗按[1] 国泽镕 李浩源 LU Xiaoran;MA Bin;DENG Li;ZHANG Shian;GUO Zerong;LI Haoyuan(School of Physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2021年第3期18-21,35,共5页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：华东师范大学教学改革与研究项目《基于专业特点的“大学物理”理论实验相结合的新型教学模式探究》;华东师范大学双创课程建设与双创实验室建设项目;2020年度大学学堂优质师范课程建设项目。

摘　　要：气垫导轨在力学实验中有着十分广泛的应用,但其实验误差来源也比较多。在教学实践过程中,实验结果和理论之间存在着许多不相符的地方,而现有的分析误差仍然比较模糊。本文在研究物体在气垫导轨上的加速度实验的基础上,对实验中气垫导轨喷射气流对测量结果产生的影响进行了深入研究。运用数学及物理知识对实验原理的公式进行系统误差的修正,通过作图法对测量的实验数据进行处理,分析得出实验中气体摩擦黏滞性阻力对滑块的运动是造成加速度测量数据误差的主要因素,根据分析结论提出添加重力加速度修正项,明确了减小实验误差的优化实验方案。Air track is widely used in mechanics experiment,but there are many sources of experimental error.In the process of teaching practice,there are many inconsistencies between the experimental results and the theory,but the existing analysis error is still vague.Based on the study of the acceleration experiment of the object on the air track,the influence of the air jet on the measurement results is deeply studied.Using mathematical and physical knowledge to correct the systematic error of the experimental principle formula,through the drawing method to process the measured experimental data,it is concluded that the movement of the slider caused by the gas friction viscous resistance in the experiment is the main factor causing the acceleration measurement data error.According to the analysis conclusion,it is proposed to add the gravity acceleration correction term,and the optimization method to reduce the experimental error is clarified implementation plan.

关 键 词：气垫导轨 空气阻力 实验误差 数据修正 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]