风机发电机机组SPD参数选择的分析  

Design Method of Wind Turbine Surge Protection Device

作　　者：李祥超[1] 蔡露进 徐晓培[1] 焦雪[1] LI Xiangchao;CAI Lujin;XU Xiaopei;JIAO Xue(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2021年第3期29-37,111,共10页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFC1501505);江苏省2018年普通高校研究生科研创新项目(编号:KYCX18 1033)。

摘　　要：针对风机发电机机组遭受雷电过电压损坏和雷击损坏导致终端设备损坏的问题,基于电涌保护器(Surge Protection Device,SPD)多级保护设计理论,设计了风机发电机机组SPD。本研究使用8/20μs雷电流发生器对SPD进行冲击试验,同时分析不同SPD的压敏电压和不同长度的线缆SPD的冲击特性。得出结论:两级SPD的残压与冲击电压、SPD的压敏电压、线缆的长度呈现正相关;第一级SPD的残压比第二级的残压大,当入侵雷电过电压时,多级SPD的对过电压进行多级钳位,从而可以将电压限制在风机发电机组能够承受的电压范围;第一级的SPD泄放的通流和能量远大于第二级SPD泄放的通流和能量;多级SPD配合时,第一级SPD会泄放掉入侵的大量能量,剩余前进的能量将由第二级SPD进行再次泄放,从而可以更好保护后端的设备;增大线缆的长度虽然可以让更多能量在第一级SPD泄放,对后端的设备进行很好的保护,但是第一级SPD泄放过多的能量,会缩短第一级SPD的使用寿命,所以在设计时线缆长度的选择需要折中考虑。笔者对风机发电机机组SPD通过试验进行充分性的研究,对风机发电机机组SPDs在防雷应用中有一定参考价值意义。Surge Protection Devices( SPD) for wind turbine is designed by considering that the wind turbine is damaged by the lightning strike which leads to the damage of the terminal equipment. The impulse tests are performed using a combined wave generator and the influence of impulse voltage,DC breakdown voltage of the SPD and cable length are analyzed in detail. The conclusions are as follows: The residual voltage is positive correlation with impulse voltage,varistor voltage of the SPD and the cable length;the residual voltage of the upstream SPD is larger than that of the downstream SPD;when the lightning impulse wave enters the SPD,the upstream SPD and downstream SPD suppress the voltage between lines to the scope which electrical equipment can withstand;The current and the energy of the upstream SPD is much larger than that of the downstream SPD;when multi-level SPD is used,upstream SPD absorbs and releases the energy of lightning impulse wave quickly,also suppresses the lightning over-voltage,then downstream SPD absorbs and releases residual energy,also suppress the voltage,which has much better protection for wind turbine. The result indicated that increasing the length of the cable can help more energy release by the upstream SPD,and better protect the wind turbine. However,if too much energy released,it will shorten the service life of the upstream SPD. Therefore,the cable length selection needs to be compromised carefully in the wind turbine SPD design. The research has a certain reference value for the lightning protection application of wind turbine SPD.

关 键 词：风机发电机机组SPD 多级防护 残压 通流 能量 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机] TM862