维吾尔族与汉族的大学生在汉语歧义词消解中的语境促进效应及反应抑制效应  

Effects of contextual facilitation and inhibitory reaction in lexical ambiguity resolution for the Han and Uyghur nationalities

作　　者：杨群 张积家 范丛慧[3] YANG Qun;ZHANG Jijia;FAN Conghui(Center for the Cognitive Science of Language,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China;Faculty of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541001,China;School of Liberal Arts,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言认知科学学科创新引智基地,北京100083 [2]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541001 [3]中央民族大学文学院,北京100081

出　　处：《心理学报》2021年第7期746-757,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家民委民族研究重点项目:“少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究”(项目编号:2017-GMA-004);国家民委民族研究青年项目“新疆少数民族学习国家通用语言文字规律研究”(项目编号:2020-GMC-50);北京语言大学院级科研项目“维吾尔族、汉族大学生汉语歧义词消解中的语境促进效应及抑制机制”(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,20YJ190001)资助。

摘　　要：词汇歧义是语言的普遍现象。在汉语中,歧义词的种类繁多,是少数民族学生汉语学习困难的重要原因之一。通过两个实验,考察在不同加工时间条件下维吾尔族和汉族的大学生在汉语歧义词消解中的语境促进效应及抑制效应。结果发现,两个民族的大学生均出现了语境促进效应,但在短时加工条件下,汉族大学生的语境促进效应显著大于维吾尔族大学生,在长时加工条件下,两个民族的大学生的语境促进效应并无显著差异。在短时加工条件下,仅汉族大学生可以有效地抑制无关信息的干扰;在长时加工条件下,两个民族的大学生均可以有效地抑制无关信息的干扰。整个研究表明,在汉语歧义词消解中,随着加工时间增加,维吾尔族大学生的语境促进效应和对无关信息的抑制均可以达到与汉族大学生相近的水平。Uyghur is a specific alphabetic language that differs from Chinese.Thus,mastering the Chinese ambiguity words,such as homonyms,homonyms,and heteronyms,is challenging for Uyghur students.To understand the correct meaning of ambiguity words,one has to suppress irrelevant meanings according to the context.Chinese is a high-context language,where as Uyghur is a low-context language.Thus,the present study investigates the effect of contextual facilitation for the Uyghur and Han nationalities and compares the differences in the inhibitory effect during lexical ambiguity resolution.This study conducted a semantic decision task to investigate lexical ambiguity resolution in 36 Uyghur and 32 Han college students.Twenty-five homonymous ambiguity words with dominant and subordinate meanings were selected as final materials.Eight sentences and two target words were formed in two conditions.In the contextual facilitation condition,four sentences were made and ended with the same ambiguity word.Half of the sentences were biased to the subordinate or ordinate meaning,but the others were unbiased to neither meaning.The target words were semantically related to the ordinary or subordinate meaning of the ambiguity word.In this condition,all target words were semantically consistent with the ambiguity word in each sentence.In the inhibitory condition,two sentences were ended with the ambiguity word;one was biased to the ordinary meaning,and the other was biased to the subordinate meaning.The other two sentences without ambiguity were only different from the former two sentences on the last ambiguity word.The target words were the same with the context facilitation condition but were not semantically consistent with the last words.The participants were asked to decide whether the target words were semantically consistent with the ambiguity words.Thus,the right answers in the facilitation condition were all“yes”and the right answers in the inhibitory condition were all“no”.The SOA of ambiguity and target words is 200 ms in Ex

关 键 词：维吾尔族 歧义词消解 语境促进 反应抑制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学]