国外体育教学中系统观察工具的运用与启示  

Application and Enlightenment of Systematic Observation Tool in Foreign Physical Education Teaching

作　　者：张宝根 唐炎[1] 辛飞 范卉颖[1] 袁强 梁坤 ZHANG Baogen;TANG Yan;XIN Fei;FAN Hui ying;YUAN Qiang;LIANG Kun(Physical Education and Training Department,Shanghai Sport University,Shanghai 200438,China;College of Physical Education and Health,Zhao Qing University,Zhao Qing 526061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育与训练学院,上海200438 [2]肇庆学院体育与健康学院,广东肇庆526061

出　　处：《体育学研究》2021年第3期50-57,共8页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(18ATY008)。

摘　　要：目的:系统梳理国外体育教学系统观察工具,分析各种工具观察的主题、应用情况与问题的发现,以期为国内体育教学的反思、观察工具的遴选、应用与开发提供参考。方法:以Academic Search Premier、SPORT Discus with Full Text、ERIC、Web of Science和Elsevier为数据源,根据PRISMA流程筛选出89篇涉及系统观察工具的论文,提取出14种观察工具。结果:14种工具可分为观察体育教学中师生之间的人际支持、师生之间的言语特征、学生身体活动水平和教学时间有效利用4类;通过分析各类工具在体育教学实践中的应用得知,强化师生支持行为、减少学生受控行为、强化师生有效互动,是提升学生课堂身体活动水平、增加学生课堂有效学习时间、促进课堂言语行为有效性的共性突破口。结论:当前国内体育教学评价,片面强调终结性评价,缺乏客观性、诊断性和系统性,反馈调节功能较弱;急需注重体育教学系统观察法的运用,并研制国内适切的系统观察工具,同时借鉴国外观察工具的科研成果,优化师生课堂教学行为,以此提升教学质量。Objective:To systematize the system observation tools of physical education abroad,and analyze the theme,application and discovery problems by using various observation tools.It aims to provide a reference for the reflection of physical education,and the selection,application and development of the observation tools in China.Methods:Using Academic Search Premier、SPORT Discus with Full Text、ERIC、Web of Science and Elsevier as data sources,89 papers related to systematic observation tools were selected according to PRISMA process,and 14 observation tools were extracted.Results:The fourteen tools can be divided into four types:interpersonal support between teachers and students,language features between teachers and students,physical activity level of students and effective use of teaching time.Through analysis of the application of various tools in physical education teaching practice,we know that strengthening teachers’and students’supporting behavior,reducing students’controlled behavior,strengthening the effective interaction between teachers and students make a common breakthrough to improve students’physical activity level,increase students’effective learning time and promote the effectiveness of effective speech acts in class.Conclusion:At present,the evaluation of Physical education teaching in China puts one-sided emphasis on summative evaluation.It lacks objectivity,diagnosis and systematisms and has weak feedback and adjustment function.There is an urgent need to focus on the application of systematic observation methods in physical education teaching and develop appropriate domestic systematic observation tools in China.At the same time,to improve teaching quality,we should learn from the scientific research results of foreign observation tools to optimize classroom teaching behaviors of teachers and students.

关 键 词：体育教学 系统观察工具 教学行为 人际支持 言语特征 身体活动水平 有效学习时间 

分 类 号：G812[文化科学—体育学]