江西红壤旱地玉米||大豆间作模式对作物产量及种间关系的影响  

Yields and interspecific relationship of the maize-soybean intercropping system in the upland red soil of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：封亮 黄国勤[1] 杨文亭[1] 黄天宝[2] 唐海鹰 麻巧迎 王淑彬[1] FENG Liang;HUANG Guoqin;YANG Wenting;HUANG Tianbao;TANG Haiying;MA Qiaoying;WANG Shubin(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Research Center on Ecological Sciences,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang 331700,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045 [2]江西省红壤研究所,南昌331700

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2021年第7期1127-1137,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD030020906);江西省重点研发计划项目(20171BBF60035)资助。

摘　　要：江西红壤旱地光热水资源充沛,为农业发展提供了优越的自然条件。为筛选江西红壤旱地间作优势明显、群体产量与经济效益较优的玉米||大豆的种植模式,于2018—2019年设置7个处理:玉米||大豆间作带宽2 m、行比2∶2,带宽2.4 m、行比2∶3,带宽2.4 m、行比2∶4,带宽2.8 m、行比2∶3,带宽2.8 m、行比2∶4,及玉米单作和大豆单作,分析了两年间不同玉米||大豆间作模式下带宽行比变化对作物产量及种间关系的影响。结果表明:1)玉米大豆单作产量显著高于各自间作产量;间作处理中,带宽2.4 m、行比2∶4模式下作物群体平均产量为6801.88 kg·hm^(–2),较带宽2.4 m、行比2∶3模式增产7.56%,说明适宜带宽模式下增植1行大豆有利于作物增产;带宽2.4 m、行比2∶4模式两年平均经济效益为15822.96元·hm^(–2),较玉米、大豆单作平均经济效益增加9.90%、209.48%,说明间作种植模式相比于单作有利于提高农民经济效益。2)2019年试验中,带宽2.4 m、行比2∶4模式下土地当量比(LER)最高,为1.77,与其他间作处理呈显著性差异,该模式下两年平均LER为1.59,相较于带宽2.0 m、行比2∶2(1.55),带宽2.4 m、行比2∶3(1.44),带宽2.8 m、行比2∶3(1.35),带宽2.8 m、行比2∶4(1.44)间作模式表现出较好的土地生产能力。3)带宽为2.4 m或2.8 m时,增植1行大豆,LER分别提高10.42%、7.41%,玉米实际产量损失指数(AYLM)分别提高77.01%、59.02%,玉米侵占力(AM)分别提高91.89%、82.22%,玉米竞争比率(CRM)分别提高38.69%、24.11%,经济效益(EB)分别提高8.38%、4.80%,玉米收获指数(HI)分别提高6.12%、6.25%,说明适宜带宽模式下增加大豆行可以提高间作玉米的竞争优势,以此来提高作物产量与经济效益。行比为2∶3或2∶4时,带宽由2.4 m增至2.8 m,LER分别减小6.67%、9.66%,AYLM分别减小42.62%、59.79%,AM分别减小64.44%、73.17%,CRM分别减小19.15%、33.14%,EB分别减小10.23%、13.99%,玉米(HI)�The upland red soil in Jiangxi Province is rich in light, heat, and water resources and provides superior natural conditions for agricultural development. To screen the maize-soybean intercropping system with obvious advantages, better group yield, and economic benefits in the upland red soil of Jiangxi Province, seven treatments were set up in 2018 and 2019, of which five were maize-soybean intercropping systems with 1) 2 m bandwidth and 2-2 rows ratio, 2) 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio, 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, and 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio;other two were sole maize and sole soybean. The effects of different intercropping patterns of maize and soybean were analyzed for crop yield and the interspecific relationships. The results showed that 1) the yield of sole maize and soybean was significantly higher than that of the intercropped ones. In the 2-year experiment, the average yield was 6801.88 kg·hm–2 under the intercropping treatment of 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio, which was 7.56% higher than that under the intercropping treatment of 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, indicating that increasing one row soybean of the intercropping system with suitable bandwidth benefited yield increase. The average economic benefit of intercropping system with a 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio was 15 822.96 ￥·hm–2 for the 2 years, 9.90% and 209.48% higher than that of sole maize and sole soybean, respectively. This indicated that intercropping improved the farmers’ economic benefit. 2) In 2019, the land equivalent ratio(LER) of the intercropping treatment with 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio was 1.77, significantly higher than the other intercropping treatments. The 2-year average LER in this intercropping system was 1.59, compared with 1.55 for the 2.0 m bandwidth and 2-2 rows ratio, 1.44 for the 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, 1.35 for the 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, and 1.44 for the 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-4 row ratio, which showed

关 键 词：红壤旱地 间作 玉米 大豆 种间关系 群体产量 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]